本文選題：旅順　切入點(diǎn)：威海衛(wèi)　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自2011年至今,南海問(wèn)題不斷升級(jí),越南、菲律賓非法侵占我國(guó)南海島嶼,南海問(wèn)題在這兩年時(shí)間內(nèi)都牽動(dòng)國(guó)人心弦,越南、菲律賓不顧歷史事實(shí),非法侵占南海島嶼,中國(guó)的海防問(wèn)題逐漸顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。我國(guó)有漫長(zhǎng)的海岸線,自鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后,海防問(wèn)題一直是中國(guó)國(guó)防安全中重要的一環(huán)。海防安則國(guó)家安,第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后,清政府也清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到了這個(gè)問(wèn)題,隨后便積極籌建海防。在此過(guò)程中最大的成就即是北洋水師的建立和旅順、威海衛(wèi)軍港的建成。 本文針對(duì)19世紀(jì)中期之后清政府內(nèi)部存在的海防與塞防之爭(zhēng),用李鴻章和左宗棠的爭(zhēng)議言論證明當(dāng)時(shí)海防建設(shè)已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。同時(shí)也對(duì)李鴻章所持觀點(diǎn)給予了客觀評(píng)價(jià),指出了其“海防”思想的進(jìn)步性與局限性。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)旅順、威海衛(wèi)建港的原因分析,認(rèn)為選擇兩地建港不僅有地理?xiàng)l件的優(yōu)勢(shì),同時(shí)還有歷史繼承。旅順、威海衛(wèi)都位于環(huán)渤海附近,既可滿足西衛(wèi)京師,北顧滿族發(fā)源地遼東的目的,又有水面深闊,四季不凍的良好條件；同時(shí),從明朝開始,旅順、威海衛(wèi)兩地就已經(jīng)作為停泊船只的港口使用,具有較長(zhǎng)的沿用歷史。因此,在旅順、威海衛(wèi)建港,就成為當(dāng)時(shí)的不二選擇。 文章還重點(diǎn)介紹了兩港的興建過(guò)程與規(guī)模,北洋水師的組建與裝備等。旅順港經(jīng)過(guò)兩期建設(shè)而成,并擁有一座大型船塢；威海衛(wèi)港的建設(shè)相對(duì)順利。以兩港為基地組建了北洋水師,再通過(guò)購(gòu)買軍艦,初步裝備起了一支具備一定戰(zhàn)斗力的海軍。海防建設(shè)初見(jiàn)成效。 北洋水師的建立以及兩大海軍基地建成后,曾對(duì)捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家的海疆安全發(fā)揮了一定作用,不僅對(duì)日本產(chǎn)生了威懾,也對(duì)俄國(guó)在中國(guó)東北的擴(kuò)張起到了一定的遏制作用,產(chǎn)生了一定的國(guó)際影響力。
[Abstract]:Since 2011, the South China Sea issue has been continuously escalating. Vietnam and the Philippines illegally encroached on the South China Sea islands in China. The South China Sea issue has affected the hearts of the people of the countries in the past two years. Vietnam and the Philippines have illegally occupied the South China Sea islands regardless of the historical facts. The problem of China's coastal defense has gradually emerged. China has a long coastline. Since the Opium War, the issue of coastal defense has been an important part of China's national defense security. The Qing government also recognized this problem clearly, and then made active preparations for the establishment of coastal defense. In this process, the greatest achievements were the establishment of the Beiyang Water Division and the establishment of Lushun and Weihaiwei military Port. In view of the controversy between coastal defense and defensive defense that existed within the Qing government after the middle of 19th century, this paper proves that the construction of coastal defense was imminent with the controversial remarks of Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang. At the same time, it gave an objective evaluation to the views held by Li Hongzhang. The paper points out the progressiveness and limitation of his thought of "coast defense". Based on the analysis of the reasons for the construction of ports in Lushun and Weihaiwei, this paper thinks that the choice of constructing ports in both places has not only the advantage of geographical conditions, but also the historical inheritance. Both of them are located near the Bohai Sea, which can satisfy the Beijing teachers of the Western Wei. The purpose of the northern Ku Manchu nationality birthplace of Liaodong is that the water surface is deep and wide, and the four seasons are not frozen. At the same time, since the Ming Dynasty, Lushun and Weihaiwei have been used as ports for berthing ships, and have a long history of using them. In Lushun, Weihai Wei built Hong Kong, it became a choice at that time. The paper also focuses on the construction process and scale of the two ports, the establishment and equipment of the Beiyang Water Division, etc. Lushun Port has been built after two phases of construction and has a large shipyard; The construction of Weihaiwei Port was relatively smooth. Based on the two ports, the Beiyang Water Division was set up, and through the purchase of warships, a navy with a certain combat effectiveness was initially equipped. After the establishment of the Beiyang Water Division and the completion of the two major naval bases, they played a certain role in safeguarding the country's maritime security, not only as a deterrent to Japan, but also as a deterrent to Russia's expansion in northeast China. Has produced certain international influence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K256;E255

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