本文選題：襄城縣　切入點：大躍進運動　出處：《河南大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：大躍進運動是中國共產(chǎn)黨在探索中國社會主義建設(shè)道路過程中的一次重大失誤。它大張旗鼓地發(fā)動,轟轟烈烈地開展,最終卻以悲劇的形式黯淡收場。大躍進運動已經(jīng)過去五十多年了,但對它的研究仍然具有不可忽視的學術(shù)價值和現(xiàn)實意義。 在對大躍進運動的研究中,對全國各地大躍進運動的個案研究是一個重要的方面。研究1958年襄城縣大躍進運動的發(fā)展過程,意在為大躍進研究者提供一些真實的史料,同時也為今天的決策者們提供歷史的鏡鑒。 1958年襄城縣大躍進運動可以分為序幕、興起、高潮和初步糾“左”四個階段。從1957年底開始,襄城縣人民在縣委和縣政府的帶領(lǐng)下,以熱火朝天的革命干勁,掀起了襄城縣農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)的高潮。與此同時,向技術(shù)革命進軍的號角響遍襄城縣大地,各鄉(xiāng)踴躍開展生產(chǎn)工具大革新的運動。這一切實際上拉開了襄城縣大躍進運動的序幕。1958年6月,襄城縣大躍進運動進入興起階段。全縣上下認真學習和廣泛宣傳社會主義建設(shè)總路線,批判在產(chǎn)量指標上的右傾保守思想。由此浮夸風開始滋長。6月下旬召開的全縣千名英模集會暨歡慶全縣小麥大豐收大會進一步助長了浮夸風的勢頭。7月的生產(chǎn)大評比活動則是浮夸風泛濫的典型表現(xiàn)。 1958年8月7日,毛澤東親自來到襄城縣視察,勉勵襄城人民要鼓足干勁,力爭上游。此后多位中央領(lǐng)導人和中央有關(guān)部門也紛紛來襄城視察。中央領(lǐng)導人視察襄城對襄城縣干部群眾來說是莫大的鼓舞和支持,為襄城縣大躍進運動的發(fā)展提供了強大動力,將襄城縣大躍進運動逐步推向高潮。從9月到11月,襄城縣為了實現(xiàn)鋼鐵大躍進,掀起全民大辦鋼鐵的熱潮。與此同時,從8月開始,襄城縣快速推進人民公社化。9月1日,全縣正式合并為一個人民公社——襄城縣人民公社。 從1958年11月下旬開始,襄城縣領(lǐng)導開始貫徹上級關(guān)于糾“左”的精神,針對該縣出現(xiàn)的具體問題,提出要搞好生活福利,同時對人民公社的各項工作進行整頓。但由于領(lǐng)導干部對此認識不足,糾“左”成效并不大,但畢竟標志著襄城縣大躍進運動開始降溫。 對1958年襄城縣的大躍進運動,我們應當作出客觀公正的評價。首先,要肯定襄城縣委和縣政府帶領(lǐng)襄城縣人民改天換地的戰(zhàn)斗豪情。其次,要看到襄城縣的大躍進運動的確取得了一些成績。襄城縣廣大干部群眾所付出的辛勤勞動的確取得了一部分實際成果。但毋庸諱言,代價也是巨大的。以高指標、瞎指揮、浮夸風和“共產(chǎn)風”為主要標志的“左”傾錯誤嚴重泛濫,挫傷了廣大群眾的積極性,使社會主義建設(shè)事業(yè)受到嚴重挫折,給群眾生活造成了很大困難。 回顧1958年襄城縣的大躍進運動,我們至少可以得出以下幾點啟示:首先,搞建設(shè)必須尊重客觀規(guī)律,不能急于求成;其次,發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟必須搞好綜合平衡,不能單兵突進;最后,必須正確處理發(fā)揮主觀能動性和遵循客觀規(guī)律的關(guān)系。前事不忘,后事之師。我們應當時刻銘記歷史的慘痛教訓,認真貫徹落實科學發(fā)展觀,推進經(jīng)濟社會又好又快發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The great leap forward movement is the Communist Party of China in exploring a major mistake Chinese socialistconstruction. It put up a pageantry launched to carry out eventually, with vigour and vitality, in the form of tragedy bleak ending. The great leap forward movement has been in the past more than 50 years, but the study on it still has great academic value and practical significance.
In the study of the great leap forward movement, a case study of the great leap forward movement across the country is an important aspect. The course of the development of the great leap forward movement in Xiangcheng County in 1958, in order to provide some real data for the great leap forward of researchers, but also mirror for history for today's policymakers.
Xiangcheng County in 1958 the great leap forward movement can be divided into prelude, rise, climax and initial correction of the "left" four stages. From the beginning of the end of 1957, Xiangcheng County People's Government under the leadership of the county and the county to be in full swing, revolutionary drive, a Xiangcheng County farmland water conservancy construction climax. At the same time, the technology revolution of the clarion call from Xiangcheng County, the township to carry out production tools innovation movement. All of these actually opened the prelude to the great leap forward movement in Xiangcheng County.1958 year in June, Xiangcheng County entered the stage. The rise of the great leap forward and down to seriously study and widely publicized general line of socialist construction, the critical yield index on right conservative ideas. Thus fukuafeng beginning in late month growth.6 the county thousands of heroes rallied and celebrated the wheat harvest conference further contributed to the fukuafeng momentum.7 month production evaluation More than activity is a typical manifestation of overflowing wind.
In August 7, 1958, Mao Zedong came to Xiangcheng to inspect, encourage the people of Xiangcheng have to go all out, strive for the best. Since then many central government leaders and relevant departments of the central government came to Xiangcheng for inspection. The central leaders visited Xiangcheng is a great encouragement and support for Xiangcheng county cadres and the masses, provides a strong impetus for the development of Xiangcheng County, the great leap forward movement, Xiangcheng county the great leap forward movement climax gradually. From September to November, Xiangcheng iron and steel in order to realize the great leap forward, the big steel set off a national craze. At the same time, from the beginning of August, Xiangcheng County, the rapid advance of people's commune.9 on Sept. 1, the county officially merged into a people's commune, Xiangcheng County People's commune.
From late November 1958, Xiangcheng county leaders began to implement superior on correcting "left" spirit, according to the specific problems of the county, put forward to improve welfare at the same time, the work of the people's commune to rectify. But because of the lack of awareness of leading cadres, correcting "left" effect is not large, but after all, marking the Xiangcheng the great leap forward movement began to cool.
On 1958 Xiangcheng County of the great leap forward movement, we should make an objective evaluation. Firstly, make sure the Xiangcheng county Party committee and county government led Xiangcheng County People's pride fighting transform heaven and earth. Secondly, to see the great leap forward movement Xiangcheng indeed achieved some results. All Xiangcheng county cadres and the masses of hard work indeed made some actual results. But needless to say, the cost is huge. With high index, whim, exaggeration and the "Communist wind" as the main symbol of the "left" errors of severe flooding, dampened the enthusiasm of the masses, so that the socialist construction cause serious setbacks, has caused great difficulties for the life of the masses.
Back in 1958 in Xiangcheng County, the great leap forward movement, we can draw the following enlightenments: first, construction must respect the objective laws, not anxious; secondly, the development of the national economy must keep comprehensive balance and cannotsolo dash; finally, we must correctly handle the relationship with the barber initiative and follow the objective law. Don't forget. A guide for the future. We should remember the painful history experience, conscientiously implement Scientific Outlook on Development, promote sound and rapid economic and social development.

【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K27

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