發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-06 06:38

  本文選題：大蕭條　切入點(diǎn)：白銀　出處：《南開(kāi)大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1929年發(fā)端于美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)迅速波及了世界各國(guó)，作為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中的一部分，中國(guó)也未能避免1929年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)所帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重性后果。當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)是一個(gè)以白銀作為一國(guó)貨幣體系基礎(chǔ)的國(guó)家，大蕭條期間國(guó)際銀價(jià)的劇烈波動(dòng)嚴(yán)重破壞了中國(guó)的貨幣體系，并且動(dòng)搖了中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)。在這一過(guò)程中，，作為最重要的現(xiàn)代金融機(jī)構(gòu)—中資銀行業(yè)，更是和貨幣供給直接相關(guān)，自然也不可避免地受到?jīng)_擊。 1929-1931年，由于國(guó)際銀價(jià)下跌，白銀大量流入中國(guó)，銀行存銀激增，資本充裕，信貸擴(kuò)張，中資銀行業(yè)出現(xiàn)了繁榮的局面。1931年后隨著世界各國(guó)相繼放棄金本位、貶值本幣來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)，國(guó)際銀價(jià)上漲，白銀開(kāi)始外流，但由于農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的破產(chǎn)，農(nóng)村和城市之間貿(mào)易的不平衡，白銀從農(nóng)村大量流向城市，城市中資銀行業(yè)的白銀儲(chǔ)備量繼續(xù)上漲，這雖然進(jìn)一步加重了農(nóng)村的蕭條，但卻在某種程度上緩和了銀價(jià)上漲對(duì)中資銀行業(yè)的不利影響。隨著1934年美國(guó)“白銀法案”的實(shí)施，國(guó)際銀價(jià)進(jìn)一步暴漲，大量白銀流出中國(guó)，中國(guó)陷入了嚴(yán)重的通貨緊縮之中，很多銀行發(fā)生了白銀擠兌現(xiàn)象，銀行銀根緊縮，資金極端匱乏，金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)。 為了應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)，政府、銀行業(yè)同業(yè)組織和中資銀行業(yè)自身都采取了相應(yīng)的措施。面對(duì)陷入困境的中資銀行業(yè)，政府通過(guò)一系列的改組措施以便為銀行業(yè)注入資金，以緩解銀行業(yè)的危機(jī)。為了從根本上克服危機(jī)，穩(wěn)定金融，政府改革了中國(guó)的貨幣體系，控制通貨。1935年的幣制改革改變了中資銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展情景，幣制改革后，貨幣供應(yīng)量穩(wěn)步增加，中資銀行業(yè)快速發(fā)展，但同時(shí)國(guó)民政府也收回了商業(yè)銀行的紙幣發(fā)行權(quán)，政府對(duì)銀行業(yè)的控制加強(qiáng)了。 同時(shí)，在國(guó)內(nèi)工商業(yè)衰敗的情形下，中資銀行業(yè)也適時(shí)改變了自身的投資和放款。一方面，在高收益的刺激下，中資銀行業(yè)將大量的資金投向政府債券和房地產(chǎn)，并從中獲得了豐厚的利潤(rùn)；另一方面，盡管由于工業(yè)蕭條的影響，銀行的貸款一時(shí)無(wú)法收回，銀行業(yè)受到了牽連和損失，但中資銀行業(yè)還是加大了對(duì)企業(yè)尤其是工業(yè)企業(yè)的放款和投資，二者的聯(lián)系加強(qiáng)了。在銀行資金的支持下，大多數(shù)企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)，而銀行在獲得收益的同時(shí)，其自身的資金安全也獲得了一定的保障。另外，在應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)的過(guò)程中，銀行業(yè)同業(yè)公會(huì)的作用也不可忽視，它一方面組織銀行業(yè)積極進(jìn)行自救，另一方面代表銀行業(yè)尋求政府救濟(jì)。銀行業(yè)同業(yè)公會(huì)在挽救市面、應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的過(guò)程中也做出了自己的努力，發(fā)揮了重大作用。 大蕭條對(duì)中資銀行業(yè)的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。大蕭條過(guò)后，中資銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的階段，在整個(gè)金融體系中取得了主導(dǎo)性的地位，但同時(shí)國(guó)家資本在全國(guó)中資銀行業(yè)中也占據(jù)了絕對(duì)的支配地位，國(guó)家銀行和金融壟斷資本形成。大蕭條時(shí)期中資銀行應(yīng)對(duì)蕭條的措施及經(jīng)驗(yàn)，值得我們學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒，這些或許能為當(dāng)今中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供一些參考。
[Abstract]:Originated in the U.S. in 1929 economic crisis quickly spread all over the world, as a part of the world economic system, Chinese also failed to avoid serious consequences of the 1929 world economic crisis. At that time China is a silver as the foundation of a country's monetary system of the country, during the Great Depression volatility of the international price of silver severely damaged the China monetary system, and shaken the Chinese economy. In this process, as a modern financial institution - the most important Chinese funded banks, is directly related to the money supply, inevitably affected.
1929-1931 years, due to the decline in the price of silver, silver silver deposit inflows China, surge, capital adequacy, credit expansion, Chinese banking industry has presented the prosperous situation after.1931 years as countries around the world have abandoned the gold standard, devaluation of the currency to deal with the crisis, the international price of silver prices, silver began to drain, but because of the rural economy in bankruptcy, the trade imbalance between rural and city, silver from a large number of rural to city, Silver City reserves of Chinese funded banks continue to rise, although this further aggravated the rural depression, but to some extent eased the price of Silver Rose adverse effects on Chinese banking. With the implementation of the United States in 1934 "silver bill" further, the international price of silver prices, large amounts of silver outflow Chinese, China in serious deflation, the silver run phenomenon of many banks, bank credit tightening, The financial crisis broke out by the extreme scarcity of gold.
In order to cope with the crisis, the government, the banking industry organization and Chinese banking industry itself has taken appropriate measures. Facing the predicament of the Chinese banking sector, the government to inject liquidity into the banking industry through a series of restructuring measures to alleviate the crisis in the banking industry. In order to overcome the crisis, fundamentally stable finance, government reform. Chinese monetary system, the currency control in.1935 currency reform changed the development situation of Chinese funded banks, currency reform, money supply has increased steadily, the rapid development of Chinese banking industry, but also the national government also closed to commercial banks the right to issue paper money, government control of the banking industry to strengthen.
At the same time, in the domestic industry decline under the situation of Chinese banking industry also timely changed their investment and loan. On the one hand, in high yield under the stimulation of Chinese funded banks will be a large amount of money to invest in government bonds and real estate, and derive huge profits; on the other hand, although the impact of industrial depression, bank loans can not recover, the banking industry is involved in losses, but Chinese banks still increase the enterprise especially industrial enterprises lending and investment, strengthen the connection of the two. In the support of bank funds, most of the enterprises operating conditions started to improve, and the bank gains at the same time, its own security funds also received a certain protection. In addition, in response to the crisis, the role of the banking association can not be ignored, it is a banking organization actively carry out self-help, another On behalf of the banking sector, it seeks government relief. The banking guild has also made great efforts in saving the market and coping with the economic recession.
Effect of depression on Chinese banking industry is profound. After the great depression, the development of Chinese banking industry has entered a new stage, achieved a dominant position in the entire financial system, but also the national capital in the Chinese banking sector is also occupy a dominant position of absolute, state banks and financial the monopoly capital formation. The Great Depression banks deal with depression measures and experience, we should learn and use, these may provide some reference for the development of today's China economy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.9;K26

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 姜虹;1935年南京國(guó)民政府改組中國(guó)銀行原因探析[J];安徽史學(xué);2002年03期

2 汪效駟;1929-1933年世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村的影響[J];安徽師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年03期

3 馬德鈁;三十年代前期美國(guó)白銀政策對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響[J];財(cái)經(jīng)研究;1989年05期

4 杜恂誠(chéng);;收入、游資與近代上海房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格[J];財(cái)經(jīng)研究;2006年09期

5 魏忠;;近代上海標(biāo)金期貨市場(chǎng)的實(shí)證分析——基于上海標(biāo)金期貨市場(chǎng)與倫敦白銀市場(chǎng)之關(guān)系的視角[J];財(cái)經(jīng)研究;2008年10期

6 杜恂誠(chéng);;貨幣、貨幣化與蕭條時(shí)期的貨幣供給——20世紀(jì)30年代中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)走出困局回顧[J];財(cái)經(jīng)研究;2009年03期

7 王亮亮;苗永旺;;全球金融危機(jī)與國(guó)際貿(mào)易保護(hù):兼與1929-1933年大蕭條的比較[J];當(dāng)代財(cái)經(jīng);2009年07期

8 何益忠;變革社會(huì)中的傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代──1897—1937年的上海錢(qián)莊與華資銀行[J];復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1998年03期

9 蘭日旭;;近代中國(guó)銀行業(yè)資金運(yùn)作變遷及其績(jī)效探析[J];福建師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年03期

10 劉巍;郝雁;;對(duì)羅斯基估算的1910～1936年中國(guó)貨幣供給量之檢討[J];廣東外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2008年03期

本文編號(hào)：1573726