本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無業(yè)問題 民生工廠 經(jīng)濟建設(shè)　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：南京國民政府統(tǒng)治前期,存在著嚴(yán)重的就業(yè)問題。嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害和頻繁的內(nèi)憂外患導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)問題。然而,從1927年到1937年的這10年間,又恰恰是南京國民政府進行大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的黃金十年,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展速度居于世界領(lǐng)先地位。1930年的國民黨三大上,指出了國家建設(shè)的程序,一為鐵道等交通事業(yè),二為農(nóng)林、畜牧、墾荒、水利等事業(yè),三為公用、衛(wèi)生等事業(yè),并強調(diào)這些事業(yè)應(yīng)該以國家經(jīng)營為主。因此,南京國民政府前期的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)有了較為迅速的發(fā)展,各項事業(yè)蓬勃興起,工業(yè)生產(chǎn)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、交通建設(shè)諸多方面都迅速發(fā)展。各地也興起了許多民生工廠,吸納了一定的社會就業(yè)。南京國民政府的措施,對于社會的穩(wěn)定和就業(yè)狀況的緩和起到了一定的作用。 而當(dāng)時的山東省,正處于韓復(fù)榘的統(tǒng)治之下,韓復(fù)榘為了鞏固自身統(tǒng)治,維護半獨立的局面,也進行了許多經(jīng)濟建設(shè),以促進經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,緩和當(dāng)時嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢。當(dāng)時山東省就業(yè)形勢嚴(yán)峻,失業(yè)和無業(yè)問題嚴(yán)重,這主要有幾個方面的原因：首先,日本帝國主義對于山東省的侵略,嚴(yán)重的阻礙了山東的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)進程；其次,山東省遭受了當(dāng)時嚴(yán)重的世界經(jīng)濟危機的打擊,沖擊了山東省脆弱的經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)；再次,山東省在南京國民政府前期,遭受了嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害的沖擊,例如水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)等等,造成了大批失業(yè)及無業(yè)游民的產(chǎn)生。另外,連年戰(zhàn)爭的影響,也使得這一時期的山東經(jīng)濟大傷元氣。為了解決這一問題,山東省政府采取了一系列的措施,加強經(jīng)濟建設(shè),促進就業(yè)。首先,山東省在各地開設(shè)了許多平民工廠和平民工廠,以吸納當(dāng)?shù)氐木蜆I(yè)。例如,山東的民生工廠就遍布全省,被譽為當(dāng)時的“模范省”。另外,山東省政府還進行了諸多建設(shè),例如修筑鐵路、公路,興修水利,疏浚河道,舉辦了各種各樣的公共工程,以盡可能的吸納社會上存在的無業(yè)游民,穩(wěn)定社會秩序。另外,當(dāng)時的山東省政府還大力提倡國貨,以振興山東省的經(jīng)濟實力,抵御國外的經(jīng)濟侵略；山東省政府還采取了興辦官辦企業(yè)的措施,以提高經(jīng)濟技術(shù)水平,為山東省內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)與發(fā)展做示范。山東省政府還在山東省的農(nóng)村地區(qū)進行了改革,例如實行農(nóng)村合作制度,積極加強農(nóng)村組織建設(shè),并努力改良農(nóng)業(yè)品種,促進農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。通過對當(dāng)時山東省建設(shè)的相關(guān)考察,我們可以管中窺豹,了解當(dāng)時政府解決失業(yè)與發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的成效�？傮w來看,在南京國民政府前期,山東省的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)和就業(yè)問題的互動是較為成功的。興建了許多企業(yè),工業(yè)、交通運輸業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)都有了一定發(fā)展,失業(yè)和無業(yè)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重的狀況多少得到了遏制。這一時期的經(jīng)濟建設(shè),順應(yīng)了時代潮流和世界潮流,也是當(dāng)時區(qū)域現(xiàn)代化的重要典范。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the Nanjing National Government, there were serious employment problems. Serious natural disasters and frequent internal and external troubles led to serious unemployment. However, during the 10 years from 1927 to 1937, It was also the golden decade for the Nanjing National Government to carry out large-scale economic construction, and the speed of economic development was in the leading position in the world. In 1930, at the three KMT National Committees, it pointed out the procedures for national construction, one for transportation, such as railways, and the other for agriculture and forestry. Livestock, reclamation, water conservancy and other undertakings are public and public health undertakings, and emphasize that these undertakings should be mainly run by the state. As a result, the early economic construction of the Nanjing National Government has developed more rapidly, and various undertakings have flourished. Industrial production, agricultural production, transportation construction and many other aspects have developed rapidly. Many factories of people's livelihood have also been sprang up in various localities, and certain social employment has been absorbed. Measures taken by the Nanjing National Government, For the stability of the society and the ease of employment has played a certain role. At that time, Shandong Province was under the rule of Han Fu-moment. In order to consolidate his own rule and maintain a semi-independent situation, Han Fu-moment also carried out a lot of economic construction in order to promote economic development. At that time, the employment situation in Shandong Province was severe and the problems of unemployment and unemployment were serious. This was mainly due to several reasons: first, the aggression of Japanese imperialism against Shandong Province. It seriously hindered the progress of Shandong's economic construction. Secondly, Shandong Province was hit by the severe world economic crisis at that time, which hit the fragile economic structure of Shandong Province. Thirdly, Shandong Province was in the early days of the Nanjing National Government. They suffered from severe natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, and so on, resulting in a large number of unemployed and unemployed people. In addition, the impact of successive years of war has also greatly damaged Shandong's economy during this period. In order to solve this problem, The Shandong Provincial Government has taken a series of measures to strengthen economic construction and promote employment. First of all, Shandong Province has opened many civilian factories and civilian factories throughout Shandong to absorb local employment. For example, Shandong's people's livelihood factories are all over the province. Known as the "model province" of the time, the Shandong provincial government also carried out many construction projects, such as building railways, roads, water conservancy, dredging river channels, and organizing various public works. In order to absorb the unemployed people and stabilize the social order as much as possible, the Shandong provincial government also advocated the domestic products in order to revitalize the economic strength of Shandong Province and resist the foreign economic aggression. The Shandong Provincial Government has also taken measures to set up government-run enterprises in order to raise the level of economic technology and provide a model for economic construction and development in Shandong Province. The Shandong Provincial Government has also carried out reforms in rural areas of Shandong Province. For example, we should implement a system of rural cooperation, actively strengthen the construction of rural organizations, and strive to improve agricultural varieties and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Through a related inspection of the construction of Shandong Province at that time, we can look into the situation. Understand the effectiveness of the government in solving unemployment and developing the economy at that time. Generally speaking, in the early days of the Nanjing National Government, the interaction between economic construction and employment in Shandong Province was relatively successful. Many enterprises and industries were built. Both transportation and agriculture have been developed, and the serious phenomenon of unemployment and unemployment has been more or less contained. The economic construction in this period conforms to the trend of the times and the world, and is also an important example of regional modernization at that time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F249.29;F129;K258

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 ;[J];;年期

2 ;[J];;年期

3 ;[J];;年期

4 ;[J];;年期

5 ;[J];;年期

6 ;[J];;年期

7 ;[J];;年期

8 ;[J];;年期

9 ;[J];;年期

10 趙寶愛;;近代山東移民與本省的社會賑災(zāi)活動述論[J];青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2008年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 馬真;南京國民政府救災(zāi)體制研究（1927—1937）[D];山東師范大學(xué);2006年

2 侯清;民間組織與游民教養(yǎng)[D];華東師范大學(xué);2008年

3 丁會蘋;民國時期的社會救助與人口流動（1912-1937年）[D];山東大學(xué);2008年

4 許慈青;青島人口問題研究（1912-1949）[D];青島大學(xué);2008年

5 葛曉茜;煙臺城市近代化的歷史考察[D];山東大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號：1543551