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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 冀魯豫邊區(qū) 災荒 救災 生產(chǎn)救災　出處：《山東師范大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 中共冀魯豫邊區(qū)位于山東、河北、河南、安徽、江蘇五省結(jié)合部,是連接華北華中的交通樞紐,戰(zhàn)略位置極為重要。冀魯豫邊區(qū)最初所轄范圍僅為直南、豫北、魯西南三塊小的抗日根據(jù)地,習慣上稱小冀魯豫區(qū)。1941年魯西區(qū)與冀魯豫區(qū)合并,習慣上稱中冀魯豫區(qū)。1943年冀南區(qū)并入冀魯豫邊區(qū),習慣上稱為大冀魯豫區(qū)。1945年冀南區(qū)又與冀魯豫區(qū)分開,此后所轄區(qū)域變化不大。 冀魯豫邊區(qū)自然災害嚴重,旱災、水災、蟲災、雹災、瘟疫等頻繁發(fā)生,特別是1941年——1943年連續(xù)三年大旱造成了全區(qū)性的嚴重災荒,1944年的蝗災又導致大片的田地顆粒無收。與此同時,日軍和國民黨軍隊對邊區(qū)的軍事進攻和掠奪更造成嚴重的災難。天災人禍使邊區(qū)出現(xiàn)了嚴重的災荒,大片的土地荒蕪,大批的災民被迫外出逃荒。冀魯豫邊區(qū)政府為了救濟災民,設(shè)立了救災機構(gòu),制定了一系列的救災政策。在救災工作的具體實行方面,邊區(qū)政府依據(jù)救災政策推行了一系列的救災措施。首先,對災民進行直接救濟,主要表現(xiàn)在政府籌款,實行急賑;開展借糧運動,就地自救;安置災民,照顧婦幼。 其次,恢復農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),包括興修水利、推廣農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、墾殖荒地、推行吳滿有路線、發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)互助組、搶種莊稼、貸種、低息貸款、開展滅蟲運動等。第三,扶植發(fā)展工商業(yè),主要包括發(fā)行抗鈔統(tǒng)一貨幣、成立公營商店實行公營貿(mào)易、加強集市管理、發(fā)展貿(mào)易、發(fā)展具有商業(yè)性質(zhì)的合作社、扶植紡織業(yè)和其他手工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)。此外,邊區(qū)政府還實行了其他的一些救災措施,如減負救災、節(jié)約救災、精兵簡政、部隊參加生產(chǎn)、反資敵反搶糧、開展贖人運動等。 冀魯豫邊區(qū)政府的這一系列救災措施體現(xiàn)了以下特點:第一,將生產(chǎn)救災作為救災的主要方式,呈現(xiàn)出生產(chǎn)自救的特點。第二,注重自力更生。第三,注重對貧雇農(nóng)的救濟。第四,注重中共黨員在救災中的表率作用。 冀魯豫邊區(qū)的這一系列救災措施取了了較好的成效:首先挽救了無數(shù)災民的生命。其次,促進了災區(qū)生產(chǎn)的迅速恢復。第三,贏得了民心,獲得了災民的廣泛擁護。第四,鞏固了邊區(qū),為抗日戰(zhàn)爭和解放戰(zhàn)爭的勝利打下了基礎(chǔ)。第五,起到了移風易俗的作用。
[Abstract]:The border region of Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu is located in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. It is a transportation hub connecting North China and Central China. The strategic position of the border region of Hebei, Shandong and Henan is extremely important. Three small anti-Japanese base areas in southwest Shandong, customarily known as the small region of Hebei, Shandong and Henan. In 1941, the western part of Shandong merged with the region of Hebei, Shandong and Henan, and was customarily called the Central region of Hebei, Shandong and Henan. On 1943, the southern part of Hebei was incorporated into the border region of Hebei and Shandong. In 1945, southern Hebei was distinguished from Hebei, Shandong and Henan, but since then, the region has not changed much. Serious natural disasters, drought, floods, insect pests, hail and plagues occur frequently in the Hebei, Shandong and Henan border areas. In particular, from 1941 to 1943, three consecutive years of severe drought caused severe famine in the whole region, and the locusts of 1944 resulted in the loss of large areas of land. At the same time, The Japanese and Kuomintang troops' military attacks and pillages on the border areas have caused even more serious disasters. The natural and man-made disasters have caused serious famine in the border areas, and vast areas of land have been desolated. A large number of victims were forced to flee from famine. In order to help the victims, the government of the Hebei, Shandong and Henan Border region set up disaster relief agencies and formulated a series of disaster relief policies. The government of the Border region carried out a series of disaster relief measures according to the disaster relief policy. First of all, direct relief to the victims was mainly manifested in the government raising funds, implementing emergency relief; carrying out grain borrowing campaigns to help themselves; resettling the victims and taking care of women and children. Secondly, to resume agricultural production, including building water conservancy, popularizing agricultural technology, reclaiming wasteland, carrying out the Wu Man Youyou line, developing agricultural mutual-aid teams, grabbing crops, borrowing crops, lending low-interest loans, launching pest control campaigns, and so on. To foster the development of industry and commerce, including the issuance of anti-banknotes, the establishment of public shops to carry out public trade, the strengthening of market management, the development of trade, the development of co-operative societies of a commercial nature, and the fostering of production in the textile and other handicraft industries. The government of the Border region also carried out some other relief measures, such as reducing the burden and providing disaster relief, economizing on disaster relief, streamlining the administration of troops, taking part in production, fighting against the enemy and robbing grain, and launching a campaign to redeem people. This series of disaster relief measures by the government of the Hebei, Shandong and Henan Border region embodies the following characteristics: first, taking production and disaster relief as the main way of disaster relief, showing the characteristics of self-help through production; second, paying attention to self-reliance; and third, taking production and disaster relief as the main means of disaster relief. Pay attention to the relief to the poor peasants. 4th, pay attention to the exemplary role of CPC members in disaster relief. The series of disaster relief measures in the Hebei, Shandong and Henan border areas have achieved good results: first, they have saved the lives of countless victims; secondly, they have promoted the rapid recovery of production in the disaster areas; third, they have won popular support and won the widespread support of the victims. 4th. Consolidated the Border region, laid the foundation for the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation. 5th, played a role in changing the customs.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K265

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