發(fā)布時間：2018-02-10 14:58

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 曾國藩 家庭教育思想 教育心理學(xué)　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：曾國藩是中國近代歷史上著名的政治家、軍事家和教育家。曾國藩的一生,非常重視家庭教育,他的家庭教育思想內(nèi)容豐富、特點(diǎn)鮮明,具有一定影響和研究價值。 曾國藩家庭教育思想的淵源包括:儒家傳統(tǒng)文化與湖湘地域文化的共同影響;中國傳統(tǒng)家訓(xùn)思想的影響;曾氏宗族教育潛移默化的影響;曾國藩獨(dú)特的個人經(jīng)歷和個人感悟。 從教育心理學(xué)視角下分析曾國藩家庭教育思想特點(diǎn),曾國藩的家庭教育思想在很多方面符合教育心理學(xué)的原理。首先,曾國藩身上體現(xiàn)了典型的優(yōu)秀教育者的心理特征和與品質(zhì),曾國藩心胸豁達(dá),能很好的理解教育對象;與教育者相處時,具有以誠待人、非權(quán)勢和積極相待等心理特質(zhì)。其次,從教育對象的特殊性方面看,曾國藩較好的做到了因材施教。第三,在教育過程中,曾國藩在動機(jī)激發(fā)方面較好的運(yùn)用了歸因論原則,注重立志、成事由天的這類不穩(wěn)定性維度和努力、堅持這類可控制性維度的作用,提高教育對象的前途期待和成功期待;在集體、社會因素的合理利用方面,曾國藩注重家風(fēng)建設(shè)和交友之道,著力構(gòu)建曾氏家族的孝友家風(fēng)、耕讀家風(fēng)、勤儉敬家風(fēng)、敦親睦鄰家風(fēng)和禮治家風(fēng),指導(dǎo)教育對象正確的交友態(tài)度和交友方法,為教育對象創(chuàng)造良好的家庭氛圍和集體氛圍。在態(tài)度和品德的學(xué)習(xí)方面,曾國藩一方面積極利用榜樣法的作用,塑造祖父曾玉屏為曾氏家族的榜樣,曾國藩自己更是注重以身作則,率先垂范;另一方面,曾國藩充分利用了言語指導(dǎo)法,對教育對象通過家書的方式言語指導(dǎo)不厭其煩,同時將自己的態(tài)度和品德教育的內(nèi)容口訣化數(shù)字化。曾國藩的這些教育特點(diǎn),符合教育心理學(xué)的原則,具有相當(dāng)?shù)目茖W(xué)性。 曾國藩的家庭教育思想不僅在曾氏兄弟和后代子孫身上獲得了卓越的成效,在曾國藩家庭教育思想的熏陶之下,曾氏宗族出現(xiàn)了很多在全國具有知名度的人物。曾國藩的家庭教育思想還越超了當(dāng)時的時代,對后世的家庭教育均有很大的影響,受到中國近代以來各個階級的出色人物的廣泛推崇。他的教育思想還對當(dāng)代社會有著深刻的啟示作用。這些啟示包括對現(xiàn)今現(xiàn)象的啟示和對家庭教育方法的啟示,主要有:傳統(tǒng)文化應(yīng)成為現(xiàn)代教育的營養(yǎng)源,現(xiàn)代教育必須德育在先全面發(fā)展,家長的管教活動應(yīng)該注意愛和控制相結(jié)合,現(xiàn)代家庭教育必須注重剛性教育等等。 當(dāng)然,由于時代的局限,曾國藩的家庭教育思想中的有些成分已顯落后,但瑕不掩瑜,其中的許多精華卻是值得我們認(rèn)真研究借鑒和繼承發(fā)展的。
[Abstract]:Zeng Guofan is a famous statesman, strategist and educator in the modern history of China. In his life, Zeng Guofan attached great importance to family education. His thoughts on family education are rich in content and distinctive in characteristics, and have certain influence and research value. The origin of Zeng Guofan's family education thought includes: the common influence of Confucian traditional culture and Huxiang regional culture; the influence of Chinese traditional family instruction thought; the influence of Zeng's clan education; the unique personal experience and individual feeling of Zeng Guofan. From the perspective of educational psychology, this paper analyzes the characteristics of Zeng Guofan's family education thought. In many ways, Zeng Guofan's family education thought accords with the principles of educational psychology. Zeng Guofan embodies the psychological characteristics and qualities of typical excellent educators. Zeng Guofan is open-minded and can understand the educational objects very well. When he gets along with the educators, he has the psychological characteristics of treating others with sincerity, not being powerful and treating each other positively. Second, he has the psychological characteristics of treating others with sincerity, not being powerful and treating each other positively. From the perspective of the particularity of the educational object, Zeng Guofan has done well in teaching according to his aptitude. Thirdly, in the process of education, Zeng Guofan has made good use of the Attribution Theory principle and paid attention to the determination in the aspect of motivating motivation. Such unstable dimensions and efforts as a matter of reason, insist on the role of such controllable dimensions, raise the expectations for the future and success of educational objects; and in terms of the rational use of collective and social factors, Zeng Guofan paid attention to the construction of family style and the way of making friends, and worked hard to construct the family style of filial piety and friendship of the Zeng family, cultivate and read the family style, respect the family style with diligence and frugality, establish a friendly and friendly family style and rule the family style by etiquette, and guide the right attitude and method of making friends among the educational objects. On the one hand, Zeng Guofan actively used the role of role models to shape his grandfather, Zeng Yuping, as a role model for the Zeng family. Zeng Guofan himself has paid more attention to setting an example by example. On the other hand, Zeng Guofan has made full use of the language guidance method, and has not tired of the language guidance of the educational object through the way of writing to his family. At the same time, the author digitizes his attitude and moral education. Zeng Guofan's educational characteristics accord with the principles of educational psychology and are quite scientific. Zeng Guofan's family education thought not only achieved remarkable results on the Zeng brothers and future generations, but also was influenced by Zeng Guofan's family education thought. Many people of the Zeng clan have become well-known throughout the country. The more Zeng Guofan's family education thought exceeded the time of the time, the greater the impact on family education in later generations. Widely admired by outstanding figures from all classes in modern China, his educational ideas also have profound implications for contemporary society. These enlightenments include enlightenment to the present phenomenon and to the methods of family education. The main contents are as follows: traditional culture should become the nutrition source of modern education, modern education must develop in an all-round way before moral education, parents should pay attention to the combination of love and control, modern family education must pay attention to rigid education and so on. Of course, due to the limitations of the times, some elements of Zeng Guofan's family education thought have been lagging behind, but many of them are worthy of our careful study and development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K252

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