本文關(guān)鍵詞： 南京市 小學(xué)教師 待遇 福利 生活　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自維新變法以來,中國(guó)近代教育開始萌芽,繼而“教育救國(guó)”的理論成為知識(shí)分子救亡圖存的一面令旗。教育不僅是有識(shí)之士重塑國(guó)民性格的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),也是政府謀求社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的訴求。 由于“教育救國(guó)”理念的浸潤(rùn),小學(xué)教師待遇引起了時(shí)人的關(guān)注。南京國(guó)民政府建立伊始,即召開全國(guó)教育會(huì)議商討教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展途徑,在小學(xué)教師待遇方面也給予關(guān)注并制定了相關(guān)法律。然而,由于外憂內(nèi)患的國(guó)情,加之一窮二白的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)因?yàn)槿藶椴僮鞯穆┒?即便政府制定了詳盡的法律,在實(shí)施環(huán)節(jié)還是遇到了困境,小學(xué)教師的待遇依舊得不到有效保障,即便是身為首都的南京市也不例外。 本文以南京市區(qū)公辦小學(xué)教師的待遇為研究對(duì)象,考察南京小學(xué)教師待遇的具體情況,以及待遇對(duì)教師生活和教育發(fā)展的影響。本文分為三部分,由淺及深、自宏觀到微觀、從理論到實(shí)踐的論述南京小學(xué)教師的待遇問題。 首先,通過文本展示近代中國(guó)小學(xué)教師待遇的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,并詳細(xì)論述南京市小學(xué)教師待遇的法律制定過程。透過對(duì)文本的解讀發(fā)現(xiàn),在制度規(guī)定上小學(xué)教師待遇穩(wěn)步提高,不僅在薪金水平上實(shí)現(xiàn)了制度化管理,而且其他各項(xiàng)福利也被提上了日程。 法律文本只能作為考察教師待遇的一個(gè)參考,在具體實(shí)施過程中還受各方面因素的掣肘,所以接下來考察了南京市小學(xué)教師的實(shí)際待遇。分縱向和橫向兩個(gè)維度考察,縱向主要是從政策執(zhí)行的角度分析南京市小學(xué)教師待遇法律規(guī)定與實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀之間的實(shí)際差距,橫向主要把南京市小學(xué)教師的待遇與全國(guó)其他地區(qū)小學(xué)教師待遇比較,并與南京市其他職業(yè)者相比較,最后得出結(jié)論,即南京市小學(xué)教師在經(jīng)濟(jì)上處于社會(huì)中下層的結(jié)論。 為了說明教師待遇對(duì)生活及教育發(fā)展的影響,具體考察了南京市小學(xué)教師生活的恩格爾系數(shù),并運(yùn)用社會(huì)分層的理論給予南京市小學(xué)教師以社會(huì)定位,最后運(yùn)用心理分析的方法,描繪了南京市小學(xué)教師的精神生活。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),南京市小學(xué)教師僅僅能夠達(dá)到溫飽水平,社會(huì)地位相對(duì)較低,因此導(dǎo)致小學(xué)教師對(duì)自身價(jià)值發(fā)生質(zhì)疑,以致出現(xiàn)改業(yè)等現(xiàn)象,從而影響教育事業(yè)的長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步。 最后把南京市小學(xué)待遇放在民國(guó)社會(huì)大背景中,并結(jié)合南京市特殊的社會(huì)情境,做因地因時(shí)的定位,揭示教育近代化過程中遇到的困境與解決的途徑。為當(dāng)今基礎(chǔ)教育的開展提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Since the reform of the reform, Chinese modern education began to sprout, and then the theory of "education to save the nation" became a banner for intellectuals to save the nation. Education is not only an important link for the people of insight to rebuild their national character. It is also the government's pursuit of social stability and economic development. Due to the infiltration of the concept of "education to save the nation", the treatment of primary school teachers aroused the attention of the time. The Nanjing National Government began to hold a national education conference to discuss the development of education. Pay attention to the treatment of primary school teachers and have made relevant laws. However, due to the external and internal conditions, coupled with a poor economic foundation, but also because of the loopholes in human operation. Even if the government enacted detailed laws, the implementation of the difficulties, primary school teachers still do not receive effective protection, even as the capital city of Nanjing is no exception. This paper takes the treatment of teachers in public primary schools in Nanjing urban area as the research object, and investigates the concrete situation of the treatment of teachers in Nanjing primary schools and the influence of the treatment on teachers' life and the development of education. This paper is divided into three parts, which are shallow and deep. From macro to micro, from theory to practice, this paper discusses the treatment of Nanjing primary school teachers. First of all, through the text to show the development of the treatment of primary school teachers in modern China, and elaborate on the Nanjing City primary school teachers' treatment of the legal process. Through the interpretation of the text found. The salary of primary school teachers has been improved steadily, not only the salary level has been institutionalized, but also other benefits have been put on the agenda. The legal text can only be used as a reference to investigate the treatment of teachers, and it is also restricted by various factors in the concrete implementation process. Therefore, the actual treatment of primary school teachers in Nanjing is investigated. It is divided into two dimensions: vertical and horizontal. Longitudinal is mainly from the perspective of policy implementation analysis of Nanjing primary school teachers treatment between the legal provisions and implementation of the actual gap between the status quo. Horizontal primary school teachers in Nanjing and the treatment of primary school teachers in other regions of the country, and compared with other professionals in Nanjing, finally reached a conclusion. That is, Nanjing primary school teachers in the economic middle and lower levels of the conclusion. In order to explain the influence of teachers' treatment on the development of life and education, the Engel's coefficient of primary school teachers' life in Nanjing is investigated in detail, and the social orientation of primary school teachers in Nanjing is given by the theory of social stratification. Finally, using the method of psychological analysis, describes the mental life of primary school teachers in Nanjing. Through the analysis, it is found that primary school teachers in Nanjing can only reach the level of food and clothing, and their social status is relatively low. As a result, primary school teachers question their own value and change their profession, which affects the great progress of education. Finally, the treatment of primary school in Nanjing in the context of the Republic of China society, and combined with the special social situation in Nanjing, to do the location of the time of cause. This paper reveals the difficulties encountered in the process of educational modernization and the ways to solve them, which can be used for reference in the development of basic education today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K263;G629.29

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本文編號(hào)：1483061