發(fā)布時間：2018-02-01 13:13

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 抗日戰(zhàn)爭 蘇聯(lián)援華 “Z計劃” 援助“低潮”　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：抗日戰(zhàn)爭全面爆發(fā)之后,中國軍隊及裝備損失嚴(yán)重,國民政府隨即向蘇美英法等大國尋求幫助,希望它們能提供各類武器裝備,但只有蘇聯(lián)積極表態(tài),許以用貸款方式向中國供應(yīng)軍事物資和人力支持。為確保安全,抗戰(zhàn)初期包括運輸軍事物資和派遣所需人員在內(nèi)的整個援華行動均是在代號“Z計劃”的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的,伏羅希洛夫任援華行動總負(fù)責(zé)人,并由“Z小組”主持與之相關(guān)的所有工作。為向中國提供物資及人力援助,蘇聯(lián)于1937年底緊急開通薩雷奧澤克至蘭州的西北公路線和阿拉木圖至蘭州的航空路線。上述起自蘇聯(lián)、跨越新疆全部與甘肅大部的公路和航空運輸在執(zhí)行“Z計劃”的過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用,但人員及物資損失嚴(yán)重,充滿艱辛。蘇聯(lián)援華過程中,分別在1939年底和1941年3月減少乃至中止了對華援助,出現(xiàn)了兩次“低潮”。與蘇聯(lián)相關(guān)的歐亞兩洲國際形勢以及蘇與德、日兩國的關(guān)系變化是導(dǎo)致“低潮”出現(xiàn)的主要原因,其中《蘇德互不侵犯條約》、《蘇日中立條約》和兩次蘇日邊界沖突在其中起到關(guān)鍵作用�？箲�(zhàn)初期的蘇聯(lián)援華行動對于中國整個抗日戰(zhàn)爭發(fā)揮了頗為積極的作用,但仍有必要對蘇聯(lián)援華政策的出發(fā)點進(jìn)行反思。在對兩次援華“低潮”的出現(xiàn)原因進(jìn)行研究的過程中,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),中國的抗戰(zhàn)被蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人視為牽制日軍“北進(jìn)”侵犯蘇聯(lián)的工具。因此,蘇聯(lián)向中國提供援助的出發(fā)點是欲借中國之力削弱日本而保護(hù)自身安全,而對華軍援的中止原因是蘇聯(lián)出于自身安全和對日本關(guān)系的調(diào)整,而非衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)爭的開始或者中方的拒絕。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Chinese army and equipment suffered serious losses, and the National Government immediately sought help from the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France, and other big countries, hoping that they would provide all kinds of weapons and equipment, but only the Soviet Union had taken a positive stance. It is permitted to supply China with military supplies and human support by means of loans to ensure security. At the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, the whole operation to assist China, including the transportation of military materials and the dispatch of personnel needed, was conducted under the guidance of the code name "Plan Z," and Vroxilov was in charge of the operation to assist China. And "Z Group" to lead all related work. To provide material and human assistance to China. The Soviet Union opened the north-west highway from Sareozek to Lanzhou on end of 1937 and the air route from Almaty to Lanzhou. Road and air transportation across Xinjiang and most parts of Gansu Province played an important role in the implementation of the "Z Plan," but the loss of personnel and materials was serious and full of hardships. In end of 1939 and March 1941 respectively, aid to China was reduced or even suspended, and there were two "lows". The international situation in Europe and Asia and Soviet Union and Germany were related to the Soviet Union. The change in the relations between Japan and Japan is the main cause of the "low tide", including the "Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty". The "Soviet-Japan neutrality Treaty" and the two Soviet-Japanese border conflicts played a key role in it, and the Soviet Union's assistance to China at the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan played a quite positive role in the whole Chinese War of Resistance against Japan. However, it is still necessary to reflect on the starting point of the Soviet Union's policy of aiding China, and it is not difficult to find out in the process of studying the causes of the "low tide" of the two times of aid to China. China's anti-Japanese war was seen by Soviet leaders as a tool to stop the Japanese army from "moving northward" and invade the Soviet Union. Therefore, the Soviet Union's aid to China was intended to weaken Japan and protect its own security. The reason for the suspension of Chinese military aid was the Soviet Union's adjustment of its own security and relations with Japan, rather than the beginning of the Patriotic War or the refusal of the Chinese side.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K265

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本文編號：1481941