本文關(guān)鍵詞： 清末民初 商事糾紛 商會(huì) 官商(會(huì))互動(dòng)　出處：《江西社會(huì)科學(xué)》2016年01期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：清末民初時(shí)期的商會(huì)調(diào)解主要有"官批民調(diào)"和"邀請(qǐng)調(diào)解"兩種基本模型,官批民調(diào)是在傳統(tǒng)民間調(diào)解和官府調(diào)解之外生成的一種特殊的調(diào)解形式,其包含了官府(審判機(jī)構(gòu))和民間在糾紛處理上的互動(dòng),呈現(xiàn)出半官半民屬性,邀請(qǐng)調(diào)解同樣蘊(yùn)含了官方與民間的互動(dòng)合作關(guān)系,但二者在主導(dǎo)方式和調(diào)解程序方面存在明顯差異。通過歷史考證得知,促成官商(會(huì))互動(dòng)合作的主要因素有:"調(diào)解偏好"的社會(huì)治理結(jié)構(gòu)與理念為官商(會(huì))互動(dòng)提供了前提條件;"重刑輕民"的司法體制為官商(會(huì))互動(dòng)提供了切入機(jī)會(huì);商會(huì)調(diào)解優(yōu)勢(shì)為官商(會(huì))互動(dòng)提供了現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ);統(tǒng)治壓力驅(qū)動(dòng)下的"振商"運(yùn)動(dòng)是推動(dòng)官商(會(huì))互動(dòng)向制度化方向發(fā)展的直接因素。清末民初商會(huì)與審判機(jī)構(gòu)互動(dòng)的制度創(chuàng)設(shè)和實(shí)踐樣態(tài),可為當(dāng)前的法院與商會(huì)聯(lián)動(dòng)調(diào)解實(shí)踐提供有益參考。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were two basic models of Chamber of Commerce mediation: "official approval poll" and "invitation mediation", which was a special form of mediation in addition to traditional folk mediation and government mediation. It contains the interaction between the government (the judicial organ) and the folk in the settlement of disputes, showing the semi-official and semi-civil attribute, and inviting mediation also contains the interactive and cooperative relationship between the government and the people. However, there are obvious differences between them in the leading mode and mediation procedure. The main factors contributing to the interaction and cooperation between the government and the businessmen are as follows: the social governance structure and concept of "mediation preference" provide the precondition for the interaction between the officials and businessmen; The judicial system of "heavy punishment neglects the people" provides an opportunity for the interaction between government and business. The advantage of Chamber of Commerce mediation provides a realistic foundation for the interaction between government and business. The "vibrate quotient" movement driven by the ruling pressure is the direct factor to promote the development of the interaction between the government and the merchants (associations) towards the institutionalization. The system creation and practice of the interaction between the Chamber of Commerce and the judicial institutions in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It can provide a useful reference for the current practice of court and chamber of commerce.
【作者單位】： 廣州大學(xué)松田學(xué)院法政系;澳門科技大學(xué);
【基金】：國家社科基金項(xiàng)目“商會(huì)調(diào)處商事糾紛法律問題研究”(13BFX100) 廣州市社科規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目“廣州市商會(huì)與法院聯(lián)動(dòng)調(diào)解商事糾紛的法律問題研究”(穗社規(guī)辦[2014]7號(hào))
【分類號(hào)】：K25
【正文快照】： 一、前言在中國法律史上,第一個(gè)正式的商會(huì)組織是建立于1904年的上海商務(wù)總會(huì),在其建立之前,商會(huì)的前身即以各色公所、會(huì)館為主要形式的封建行會(huì)。封建行會(huì)對(duì)商事糾紛往往采取“公議”方式,這在中國商事調(diào)解的發(fā)展歷史中占據(jù)了重要地位。商會(huì)成立后,商會(huì)調(diào)解被納入正式制度的

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