本文關鍵詞：近代英國在西藏的“商務”的活動　出處：《西藏民族學院》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 近代 英國 西藏 商務機構(gòu) 侵略活動

【摘要】：回顧西藏近百年的歷史，西藏歷經(jīng)曲折和坎坷。從鴉片戰(zhàn)爭開始清朝內(nèi)憂外患日益嚴重，清朝中央政府對邊疆缺乏有效的管理和支持，此時,正逢帝國主義在全球開拓殖民地和掠奪原材料，西藏這塊西方人很難觸及的地方也成了他們爭奪的獵物。西藏處于中國的西南，南邊瀕臨印度，北抵新疆，東臨祖國內(nèi)地，西向中亞，戰(zhàn)略位置十分重要，，英國曾企圖使西藏成為抵抗俄國在中亞的戰(zhàn)略緩沖帶。早期西方人打探西藏都是以派遣傳教士、探險者、科考隊等名義陸續(xù)來到西藏，他們一部分人是為了傳教，一部分人是為了科學調(diào)查，但這些活動客觀上為后期殖民者提供了侵略西藏的人文地理信息和具體的參考資料。 英國是侵略西藏的始作俑者，18世紀東印度公司專門派遣波格爾和特納入藏，調(diào)查西藏的物產(chǎn)、交通、貿(mào)易情況。他們力圖和西藏通商的要求被一一拒絕，最后英國人暴露了他們的真面目，斷然采取武力侵入西藏，先后兩次發(fā)動侵略戰(zhàn)爭，強迫西藏簽訂不平等條約。英國人強行在西藏亞東等地設置“商務”機構(gòu)，瘋狂掠奪我國資源，并以“商務”為由，在西藏從事政治、經(jīng)濟、文化侵略等活動。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，英國勢力有所下降，對西藏只能采取分裂、干涉等侵略活動。直到中華人民共和國成立后,英國侵略者才逐漸退出西藏的歷史舞臺。 英國和西藏的關系史、英國侵略西藏史等這類研究成果浩如煙海，但對英國駐西藏機構(gòu)的“商務”活動研究，幾乎是空白。本篇采用文獻研究法、歷史比較分析、描述性研究等方法專門研究近代英國在西藏的“商務”活動及影響。 本文主要通過英國早期以通商為由對西藏的打探、兩次不平等條約后“商務”機構(gòu)的建立為切入點，分析了英國在“商務”的旗幟下，對西藏的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化侵略及帶來的影響。揭示了近代英帝國主義侵略西藏的本質(zhì)，也展現(xiàn)了西藏人民反侵略的艱難歷程。
[Abstract]:Looking back on the history of Tibet for nearly 100 years, Tibet has experienced twists and turns and ups and downs. Since the Opium War, the internal and external troubles of the Qing Dynasty have become increasingly serious, and the central government of the Qing Dynasty lacks effective management and support to the border areas. At a time when imperialism has colonized the world and plundered raw materials, Tibet, a place difficult for Westerners to reach, has become a prey for them. Tibet is in the southwest of China, bordering India to the south, and arriving in Xinjiang in the north. The strategic position is very important because it faces the mainland of China to the east and to Central Asia to the west. Britain once attempted to make Tibet a strategic buffer against Russia in Central Asia. In the early days, westerners explored Tibet by sending missionaries and explorers. In the name of scientific research teams, they have come to Tibet one after another. Some of them are for missionary purposes and some are for scientific investigation. But these activities objectively provided the later colonists with humanistic geographic information and specific reference materials for the invasion of Tibet. Britain was the initiator of the invasion of Tibet. In the 18th century, the East India Company sent Pogel and Turner to Tibet to investigate Tibet's property, transportation, and trade. Their request to trade with Tibet was rejected one by one. In the end, the British exposed their true colors and resolutely invaded Tibet by force, launching two wars of aggression one after another, forcing Tibet to sign unequal treaties, and the British forcibly set up "commercial" institutions in Tibet, including in eastern Asia and other places. After the second World War, the British forces have declined, and Tibet can only be divided into a secession, because they have plundered our country's resources and engaged in political, economic, and cultural aggression in Tibet on the grounds of "commerce." It was not until the founding of the people's Republic of China that the British aggressors gradually withdrew from the historical stage of Tibet. The history of relations between the United Kingdom and Tibet, the history of British aggression against Tibet, and other research achievements are vast, but the study of the "business" activities of British agencies in Tibet is almost blank. Historical comparative analysis, descriptive research and other methods are devoted to the study of modern British "business" activities in Tibet and their influence. This paper analyzes Britain's political and economic situation in Tibet under the banner of "commerce" through the early British exploration of Tibet on the grounds of trade and the establishment of "business" institutions after the two unequal treaties. The cultural aggression and its influence reveal the essence of the invasion of Tibet by the British imperialists in modern times, and also reveal the difficult course of the Tibetan people's anti-aggression.
【學位授予單位】：西藏民族學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K25

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本文編號：1434035