本文關(guān)鍵詞：“安徽反省院”研究（1927-1938）　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 安徽 反省院 國民政府 感化

【摘要】：1927年南京國民政府建立前后,蔣介石等國民黨激進(jìn)分子大肆屠殺共產(chǎn)黨員,“寧可錯殺一千,不可放走一個”,一時之間,血流成河。此種慘絕人寰的大屠殺政策,暴露了國民黨的本性,同時也削弱了國民黨的統(tǒng)治基業(yè)。事實(shí)上,雖然共產(chǎn)黨的活動暫時陷入低潮,但共產(chǎn)黨人并沒有被消滅,其地下活動逐步恢復(fù),同情、擁護(hù)共產(chǎn)黨的民眾也隨之增加。加之,國民黨左派人士邵力子、蔡元培等人的勸說,蔣介石一改大屠殺政策,采納二陳的建議,轉(zhuǎn)而施行一種“不殺人”的洗腦辦法,即在全國設(shè)立“反省院”,將捉到的“赤匪”關(guān)進(jìn)“反省院”中,“吾日三省吾身”,對其實(shí)施所謂的感化教育,以期從根源上徹底消滅共產(chǎn)黨,并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為忠實(shí)黨國的“新人”。1927年夏天,浙江為處置清查被捕在押罪情較輕的“反動分子”,正式在轄區(qū)內(nèi)建立浙江“反省院”,這是近代中國第一個以“反省”、“感化”政治犯為目的的特別監(jiān)獄機(jī)構(gòu)。隨即,國民政府制訂頒行《反省院條例》,對“反省院”的建立及其組織機(jī)構(gòu)做出了系統(tǒng)的規(guī)定。1931年,“反省院”在全國范圍內(nèi)普遍設(shè)立,地域涉及江蘇、安徽、浙江、廣東、河北等省份。安徽“反省院”是國民政府最早設(shè)立的“反省院”之一,最初建立在安慶飲馬塘監(jiān)獄內(nèi),后又搬遷至黃家獅陸軍監(jiān)獄,其中關(guān)押了大批共產(chǎn)黨人和進(jìn)步人士包括任弼時、王步文、柳毅夫等人。安徽“反省院”作為國民政府在安徽地區(qū)關(guān)押政治犯的特設(shè)監(jiān)獄機(jī)構(gòu),其運(yùn)行機(jī)制不同于其他普通監(jiān)獄,它根據(jù)“反省人”的智識程度,將他們分門別類,施行系統(tǒng)完備的感化教育。根據(jù)《反省院條例》的規(guī)定,安徽“反省院”下設(shè)訓(xùn)育、管理及總務(wù)三科,由評判委員會負(fù)責(zé)審議反省人出入院事宜�！胺词≡骸蓖ㄟ^舉辦總理紀(jì)念周、黨義研究會及“反省人”自治新村等形式來感化反省人,還編輯出版書刊,宣傳三民主義,批駁共產(chǎn)主義及第三國際。此外,“反省院”還通過制訂《安徽反省院管理圖書規(guī)則》、《安徽反省院寢室規(guī)則》等細(xì)則,在衣、食、住、行等各個領(lǐng)域,對反省人在院中的生活做出詳盡規(guī)定,嚴(yán)格控制反省人的活動。當(dāng)然,大部分反省人并不甘于束縛,他們采取種種巧妙而隱蔽的方式,在“反省院”內(nèi)成立獄中地下黨組織,互相串聯(lián),傳遞消息,消極對待院方的感化教育,在獄中傳播了共產(chǎn)主義思想,團(tuán)結(jié)了一批進(jìn)步人士,為中共在安徽地區(qū)更好的開展活動奠定了基礎(chǔ)�！胺词≡骸痹悍脚c“反省人”圍繞著“假反省”活動這一主題,雙方斗智斗勇,展開了針鋒相對的斗爭�？箲�(zhàn)全面爆發(fā)后,國共第二次合作正式開啟,在全國民眾的輿論壓力下,國民政府被迫答應(yīng)“釋放政治犯”的要求,關(guān)押在各地監(jiān)獄及反省院中的“政治犯”陸續(xù)被釋放出來。1938年1月1日,國防最高會議下令裁撤各地反省院,“在反省院反省之人,均準(zhǔn)保釋出院。”同年11月19日,國民政府正式下令廢止《反省院條例》,反省院自此退出歷史舞臺。“反省院”作為國民政府監(jiān)獄體系的重要組成部分,自身既帶有普通監(jiān)獄的共性,又帶有特殊監(jiān)獄的特性。研究反省院的發(fā)展演變歷程,對于探析中國近代監(jiān)獄體系的演變及國民政府對政治犯處置政策的轉(zhuǎn)變有著重要的參考價值。
[Abstract]:In 1927 the establishment of the Nanjing national government before and after the Jiang Jieshi massacre of Kuomintang Communist militants, would rather kill one thousand, can not let go of a ", all of a sudden, a river of blood. The extremely brutal massacre policy, exposed the Kuomintang's nature, but also undermine the rule of the Kuomintang foundation. In fact, although the Communist Party temporarily low tide, but the Communist Party has not been eliminated, the underground activities gradually restored, sympathy, support the Communist Party of the people also increased. In addition, the Kuomintang leftists persuaded Shao Lizi, Cai Yuanpei et al., Jiang Jieshi changed the Holocaust policy suggestions to the implementation of the adoption of Chen, a" no kill "brainwashing way, namely in the country the establishment of" anti crime ", caught in the" red bandit "in" anti crime "," I three times daily, on the implementation of the so-called reformatory education, in order to From the root to completely destroy the Communist Party, and transformed into the "new" loyal party in the summer of.1927, Zhejiang for the disposal of inventory in view of lighter arrested "reactionaries", the official in the area of the establishment of Zhejiang ", this is the modern anti crime" China first "reflection", "political reform" made for the purpose of the special prison organization. Then, the national government enacted regulations on School > < reflection, "the establishment and organization of anti crime" has made the system specified in.1931, "anti crime" generally set up in the country, Anhui, Zhejiang city of Jiangsu, Guangdong, Anhui, Hebei and other provinces. The "anti crime" is the earliest national government to set up a "house of correction", was originally set up in Anqing after the Tang Yin Ma prison, Huang moved to Jiashi army prison, which held a large number of Communists and progressives including Ren Bishi, Wang This step, Liu Yi Fu et al. Anhui "anti crime" as the national government held the ad hoc prison organization of political prisoners in the Anhui area, its operation mechanism is different from other ordinary prison, according to the "reflection" of the intellectual level, they will be arranged, the implementation of a complete system of sense of education. According to the provisions of the Ordinance on "Anhui," anti crime "under the discipline, management and general evaluation committee responsible for the examination by three, people reflect on admission matters." organized by the provincial hospital "the prime minister's memorial week, the party will" reflect on and research of the meaning of "autonomous village and other forms of action reflection, also edited and published books, publicity principles, criticism of communism and the three international. In addition, the" anti crime "through the development of Anhui Academy of management books reflect < Rules >, < Anhui > rules reflect on court rules, in the clothing, food, housing, and other fields, to reflect on the people in In life to make detailed provisions, strictly control the reflection of people's activities. Of course, most people are not willing to reflect on the bound, they take all kinds of clever and subtle way, in the "anti crime" was established within the prison party organization, in tandem, the message, the negative attitude of reformatory education, the spread of communism in prison a group of people, unity and progress, laid the foundation for the Communist Party of China in the Anhui area to better carry out the "anti crime activities. The" and "reflection" around the theme of "false reflection" activities, both wits, launched a tit for Tat struggle. After the outbreak of Anti Japanese War, the second cooperation officially opened in the country, under the pressure of public opinion, the national government was forced to agree to the release of political prisoners ", held in various prisons and reflection in the courtyard" political prisoners "have been released.1938 1 On Sept. 1, the highest National Congress ordered the abolition of all reflection "in the hospital, hospital who were searching introspection, bail out of the hospital." in November 19th of the same year, the national government officially ordered the abolition of school regulations > < reflection, reflection of exit the stage of history. Since the "anti crime" as an important part of the national government of the prison system. Is a common prison in common, and with special characteristics in prison. Development of Research Institute for introspection, evolution and national government of modern prison system Chinese has important reference value for the transformation of political prisoners policy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K263

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊樹林;;論國民黨“司法黨化”的異化——以南京國民政府反省院制度為例[J];西南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會科學(xué)版);2013年05期

2 董杰;;反省院相關(guān)管理制度探析[J];法制與社會;2014年15期

3 顧文;;吳覺在淮陰抗戰(zhàn)的日子——紀(jì)念吳覺誕辰百年[J];檔案與建設(shè);2012年12期

4 何蜀;百折不撓 走過世紀(jì)風(fēng)雨[J];紅巖春秋;2002年04期

5 侯志平;;人物[J];世界;1994年Z2期

6 汪金丁;路還沒有走完[J];新文學(xué)史料;1996年03期

7 李曙新;鐵窗英魂任作民[J];湖南黨史;1999年06期

8 散木;;“共和國第一冤案”背后的隱情[J];政府法制;2011年21期

9 水靜;廖魯言“大意失荊州”──酒友軼事之二[J];領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué);2001年12期

10 桑一偉;懷念子榮失明后的日子[J];黨史文匯;1996年05期

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前2條

1 王錫榮;宋慶齡冤枉胡適？[N];中華讀書報(bào);2004年

2 湯靜濤;周恩來探望岳母[N];團(tuán)結(jié)報(bào);2002年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 朱林林;“安徽反省院”研究（1927-1938）[D];南京大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號：1416519