本文關(guān)鍵詞：建國(guó)后新疆自然災(zāi)害及救助研究（1949-1977年）　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：新疆位于我國(guó)西北邊陲,其特殊的地理環(huán)境和自然條件造就了新疆是一個(gè)自然災(zāi)害多發(fā)區(qū)。建國(guó)以后,災(zāi)情仍很嚴(yán)重。各種自然災(zāi)害對(duì)廣大人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成重大的損失。但是,在新中國(guó)的社會(huì)主義制度下,政府開(kāi)展社會(huì)救災(zāi),全區(qū)各級(jí)政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民群眾與自然災(zāi)害作斗爭(zhēng),并在防御自然災(zāi)害方面做出了一定的努力,使災(zāi)害給人民造成的損失減輕到最小,災(zāi)民的基本生活得到保障,農(nóng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)得到恢復(fù)與發(fā)展。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括五個(gè)部分;第一部分概述1949年—1977年新疆自然災(zāi)害狀況及損失。對(duì)新疆水、旱、凍、雹、風(fēng)、蟲(chóng)、鼠、地震等諸多自然災(zāi)害做了分析,并闡述其對(duì)新疆農(nóng)牧業(yè)及人所造成的影響。第二部分分析1949年—1977年新疆自然災(zāi)害致災(zāi)因素。自然因素主要從新疆地理位置、氣候條件、降水分布和地貌概況等方面進(jìn)行分析。社會(huì)因素主要從建國(guó)前對(duì)自然環(huán)境破壞的延續(xù),建國(guó)初對(duì)災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重性的認(rèn)識(shí)不足,以及當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景等方面分析。第三部分梳理了建國(guó)初期災(zāi)害救助思想方針,新疆救災(zāi)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立及變化,并凸顯救災(zāi)過(guò)程中的主體力量及具體救災(zāi)步驟。第四部分論述新疆災(zāi)害救助工作開(kāi)展的措施,探討這一時(shí)期內(nèi)新疆政府主要采取撥發(fā)救濟(jì)糧款,增設(shè)義倉(cāng)、保畜修圈來(lái)救助災(zāi)民。民間開(kāi)展農(nóng)牧民互助,有效彌補(bǔ)了政府救災(zāi)的不足。組織廣大災(zāi)民生產(chǎn)自救,恢復(fù)農(nóng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn),發(fā)展副業(yè)這些措施有效配合政府解決災(zāi)民問(wèn)題。第五部分肯定建國(guó)后新疆自然災(zāi)害救助工作成效的同時(shí),對(duì)救助過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討,并總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出教訓(xùn)。為今后的新疆災(zāi)害救助工作提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is located in the northwestern border of China, its special geographical environment and natural conditions make Xinjiang a natural disaster prone area, after the founding of the people's Republic of China. The disaster is still very serious. All kinds of natural disasters have caused great losses to the lives and property of the people. However, under the socialist system of New China, the government has carried out social disaster relief. Governments at all levels in the region have led the people to fight against natural disasters and have made certain efforts to prevent natural disasters so that the losses caused by disasters are minimized and the basic livelihood of the victims is guaranteed. Agriculture and animal husbandry production has been restored and developed. The first part summarizes the situation and loss of natural disasters in Xinjiang from 1949 to 1977. It analyzes many natural disasters, such as water, drought, freezing, hail, wind, insects, mice, earthquakes and so on. The second part analyzes the natural disasters in Xinjiang from 1949 to 1977. Natural factors mainly from the geographical location of Xinjiang, climate conditions. The distribution of precipitation and geomorphology are analyzed. The social factors are mainly from the continuation of natural environment damage before the founding of the people's Republic of China, and the lack of understanding of the severity of disasters at the beginning of the founding of the country. As well as the social background and other aspects of the analysis. The third part combed the early days of the founding of the disaster relief ideology and guidelines, the establishment and changes of disaster relief agencies in Xinjiang. And highlights the main force in the disaster relief process and the specific steps of disaster relief. Part 4th discusses the measures of Xinjiang disaster relief work in this period the Xinjiang government mainly take the allocation of relief food funds to create a warehouse. Livestock repair ring to help the victims. Folk farmers and herdsmen to help each other, effectively make up for the lack of government disaster relief, organize the majority of the victims production to help themselves, restore agricultural and animal husbandry production. The development of sideline measures effectively cooperate with the government to solve the problem of disaster victims. Part 5th affirms the effectiveness of natural disaster relief work in Xinjiang after the founding of the people's Republic of China, and probes into the problems in the relief process at the same time. Summing up the experience and drawing lessons for future disaster relief work in Xinjiang to provide reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：K27

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1409445