本文關鍵詞：從華夏邊緣到民族邊疆：近代青海河湟地區(qū)社會文化變遷研究　出處：《陜西師范大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 青海河湟地區(qū) 華夏邊緣 民族邊疆 內地化 近代化

【摘要】：青海河湟地區(qū)是指青海日月山以東,祁連山以南,西寧四區(qū)三縣、海東地區(qū)以及青海海南、黃南等地。自古以來,這一地區(qū)即是少數(shù)民族聚居之地。先秦至民國時期,青海河湟地區(qū)的社會文化屬性經歷了從華夏邊緣到民族邊疆的變遷過程,在這一過程中,內地化是變遷的主流,也是促進這一地區(qū)社會文化各項事業(yè)進步的主要動力。先秦至清代前中期,青海河湟地區(qū)經歷了從一個生態(tài)的、文化的獨立地區(qū)到華夏邊緣的漫長發(fā)展過程,在這一歷史過程中,華夏邊緣的社會文化屬性賦予這一地區(qū)特殊的政治、經濟及文化面貌。兩漢以來,這一地區(qū)進入內地化的歷史階段,中原地區(qū)的政治制度、經濟生活及文化因素對青海河湟地區(qū)持續(xù)地產生影響,而在內生的地方秩序的長期影響下,地方性文化因素也影響著這一地區(qū)的社會文化發(fā)展進程。此后,中央王朝對青海河湟地區(qū)社會文化進程的影響逐步深化,而中央王朝在青海河湟地區(qū)行政力量的擴張與收縮過程即是王朝國家與地方秩序的角力過程。在這一過程中,中原華夏與民族邊緣地區(qū)之間的社會文化也經歷著沖突與融會,而持續(xù)進行的內地化過程,使當?shù)厣鐣幕T方面受到中原社會文化諸因素的影響。作為內生地方秩序的承載體,歷史上,西羌、鮮卑、吐谷渾、吐蕃(藏族)、蒙古、回族、土族等民族皆對青海河湟地區(qū)的歷史演進產生重要影響。在上述因素的共同作用下,青海河湟地區(qū)形成具有華夏邊緣的社會文化屬性,其在社會文化內在結構及其外在形式上具有多元性的文化特質,且在政治、經濟及文化上具有鮮明的邊緣性特征。華夏邊緣的社會文化屬性既為這一地區(qū)的內地化提供了一定的空間,同時又以地方性的社會文化因素制約著內地化的進一步深化與拓展,從而使內地化進程成為一個可逆的、不確定的社會發(fā)展方向。近代以來,青海河湟地區(qū)的內地化進程加速,其社會文化諸項事業(yè)的進步突出表現(xiàn)在內地化與近代化的雙重變奏,西方化的因素也伴隨著近代化進程影響著青海河湟社會文化的近代建構,同時,一些地方性社會文化因素仍然存續(xù),在這些因素的共同作用下,青海河湟地區(qū)形成了民族邊疆的社會文化屬性。從民族邊疆社會文化因素的形成動因看,晚清以來,隨著中央政權對青海河湟統(tǒng)治的深化,這一地區(qū)作為民族邊疆的社會文化屬性得以確立,特別是青海建省及國民政府時期的縣制改革,既促使了這一地區(qū)在政治上與內地的均質化,同時也進一步突顯出這一地區(qū)作為民族邊疆的特殊性;在近代民族主義思潮的影響下,特別是抗戰(zhàn)以來民族國家理念的傳播,加速了青海河湟地區(qū)意識形態(tài)的均質化進程,同時一些地方性文化觀念在民族主義思潮形成的社會大背景下更加突現(xiàn)出來;近代以來,人口遷徙和商貿活動的影響進一步促進了青海河湟地區(qū)與內地的聯(lián)系,共同成為民族邊疆社會文化屬性得以確立的重要動因,而原有的人口結構與獨具特色的商貿活動,也使這一地區(qū)作為民族邊疆的社會文化屬性得以深化。民族邊疆社會文化屬性的確立還體現(xiàn)在近代國民的塑造、近代教育的興起及社會生活的近代化等方面,這些因素既是形成新的社會文化屬性的動因,也是這一社會文化屬性導致的結果。在上述諸因素的共同作用下,近代以來,青海河湟地區(qū)的內地化已是一個不可逆的歷史過程,也是這一地區(qū)社會文化發(fā)展與進步的主要動力源泉。當然,也應當看到,青海河湟地區(qū)的近代化在促進邊疆地區(qū)發(fā)展、進步的同時,也受到諸如保甲制度復興等逆近代化因素的一些影響,加之一些與近代化過程背道而馳的內生地方秩序的干擾、影響,河湟地區(qū)的近代化發(fā)展步伐顯得艱難、遲緩。此外,我國的近代化過程很大程度上受到西方社會的影響,因此,近代化過程伴隨著西方化的歷程,這一點也有青海河湟社會文化近代化過程中有所體現(xiàn)。從近代以來青海河湟地區(qū)政治結構、商貿經濟、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、教育、文娛、體育、飲食等內地化、近代化的進程看,這一時期社會文化也可用"變"與"不變"的二元對立關系加之總結,其中,"變"特指的是由內地化引發(fā)的該地區(qū)社會文化的發(fā)展與進步,而"不變"則既指受地方秩序影響或某些利益團體的阻礙而使地方社會文化處于滯后的狀態(tài),也包括客觀存在的一些地方性文化因素。"變"代表了事物發(fā)展的一般性規(guī)律,而"不變"則指事物的特殊性。在民族邊疆社會文化發(fā)展過程中,"不變"的因素還突出地代表了少數(shù)民族文化中的傳統(tǒng)慣性因素。在青海河湟社會文化發(fā)展、變化的歷史長河中,"變"代表了這一地區(qū)前進的動力與方向�？傊�,從青海河湟地區(qū)社會文化的內在結構、發(fā)展趨勢及未來走向看,內地化是青海河湟地區(qū)進步與發(fā)展的必由之路。
[Abstract]:Huang Qinghai River region refers to the Qinghai mountain east, south of Qilian Mountains, three counties and four district of Xining, Haidong Prefecture and Qinghai Hainan, Huangnan and other places. Since ancient times, the region is inhabited by ethnic minorities. In pre Qin Dynasty to the Republic of China, the social and cultural attributes of Hehuang areas in Qinghai has experienced from the edge to the Chinese the change process of national frontiers, in this process, the mainland is the change of the mainstream, is the main driving force to promote social progress and cultural undertakings in this area. From pre Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty before the mid, Qinghai Hehuang area experienced from an ecological, cultural independent region to the edge of the long development process of China, in this historical process, the Chinese social and cultural attributes give special political edge in this area, the economic and cultural features. Since the Han Dynasty, the region entered the historical stage of the mainland, the Central Plains region of the political system, economy Influence of cultural factors on the life and continues to have an area of Huangshui River in Qinghai, while the long-term effect, place order, local cultural factors also affect the social and cultural development of the region. Since then, the central dynasty of social culture in the process of Hehuang area of Qinghai River influence gradually deepened, and the process of expansion and contraction the central government in the administrative area of Huangshui River in Qinghai power is the process of struggle Dynasty state and local order. In this process, between Huaxia and ethnic area social culture is also experiencing conflict and reconciliation, the mainland of the ongoing, the local social and cultural aspects affected by social factors in Central Plains the cultural carrier, as the endogenous local order history, Xiqiang, Xianbei, Tuyuhun, Tibetan (Tibetan), Mongolia, Hui, Tu nationality of Hehuang area of Qinghai river of the historical evolution of production Have an important influence. Under the combined effects of these factors, Qinghai Hehuang area in the formation of social and cultural attributes with Chinese social culture in the edge of the inner structure and outer with diverse cultural characteristics in form, and in politics, has the characteristics of the edge of the distinctive features of the economy and culture. The social and cultural attributes of Chinese edge is this area of the mainland provides some space, but also to the social and cultural factors of restricting the further deepening and development of the mainland, so the Mainland become a reversible process, the direction of social development is uncertain. In recent years, the mainland of Qinghai Hehuang region accelerated process the social and cultural progress, the cause of the outstanding performance in the mainland of the double variation and modernization, western factors are also associated with the process of modernization has influence on the generation and construction of Qinghai Hehuang culture, At the same time, some local social cultural factors still exist, under the combined effect of these factors, Qinghai Hehuang area formed a social and cultural attribute. From the late Qing Dynasty national minority formation reason, minority social and cultural factors, with the central government of Qinghai Hehuang rule deepen, this region as a social and cultural attribute the national border has been established, especially the reform of county of Qinghai province and the national government period, which contributed to the mainland and the political homogenization in this area, but also further highlights the region as a special ethnic frontier; in the influence of modern nationalism, especially the dissemination of ideas the national war has accelerated the process of homogenization of ideology Huang area of the Qinghai River, the social background and some local culture in the formation of nationalism thoughts more prominent In modern times, the influence of population migration; and business activities to further promote the area of Huangshui River in Qinghai and the mainland, to become an important cause of ethnic frontier social and cultural attributes can be established, and the population structure of the original and unique business activities, making this area as a social and cultural attribute of the national border deepened the establishment of national border. The social and cultural attributes is also reflected in the shaping of modern national modernization, and other aspects of modern education and the rise of social life, these factors is the formation of social and cultural attributes of the new dynamics, but also the social and cultural attributes of the result. In the interaction of the above factors, since modern times. Qinghai Hehuang area of the mainland is an irreversible historical process, the main source of power is the area of social and cultural development and progress. Of course, should also see To Qinghai, Hehuang area modernization in border areas to promote the development and progress at the same time, but also by such as the revival of inverse influence the Baojia system modernization factors, and some with the process of modernization in order draw further apart the interference effect, the pace of development in Hehuang area is difficult, slow. In addition, the process of modernization of our country has a great influence in the western society, therefore, the modernization process with the process of Westernization, this also have reflected Qinghai Hehuang culture modernization process. From the political structure, area of Huangshui River in Qinghai since modern commercial economy, health and education. Entertainment, sports, food and other inland, the process of modernization, the two oppositions in this period of social culture can also be used to "change" and "change" in summary, the "change" which is the area from the mainland of the The development and progress of social culture, and "the same" refers to the local order or influence of some interest groups hinder the local social culture is lagging behind the state, including some local cultural factors exist objectively. "Change" on behalf of the general law of development of things, and "the same" refers to the particularity of things. In the process of development of national minority culture, "change" factors also highlight on behalf of minority culture in the traditional inertia factor in Qinghai Hehuang social and cultural development, change history, "change" represents the momentum and direction in this area. In short, from the internal structure of social culture Huang area of the Qinghai River, the development trend and future trend, the mainland is the progress of the Qinghai River and the only way which must be passed in the area of development.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K25
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本文編號：1385662