本文關(guān)鍵詞：浙江省手工業(yè)社會(huì)主義改造研究（1953-1956）　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 手工業(yè) 社會(huì)主義改造 合作社 集體化 浙江省

【摘要】：中華人民共和國成立以后,經(jīng)過三年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展,國家開始大規(guī)模的工業(yè)化建設(shè)和所有制改造。作為與農(nóng)業(yè)、資本主義工商業(yè)并列為"三大改造"之一的手工業(yè),不僅與城鄉(xiāng)居民的生產(chǎn)、生活保持著密切聯(lián)系,而且還對(duì)工農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展有著重要影響。本文以浙江省檔案館館藏檔案和地方文獻(xiàn)為主要資料,對(duì)浙江省1953—1956年期間手工業(yè)社會(huì)主義改造的背景、過程及結(jié)果進(jìn)行深入分析、研究。1953年,在借鑒蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式的基礎(chǔ)上,中國制定并開始實(shí)施國民經(jīng)濟(jì)第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃。但由于我國當(dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)代工業(yè)品不足,機(jī)械生產(chǎn)方式落后,在滿足城鄉(xiāng)人民日常生產(chǎn)、生活資料方面,很大一部分尚需要通過手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)來完成;特別是在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方面,大量的農(nóng)具制造和維修工作,仍然需要依賴手工業(yè)。與之同時(shí),在工業(yè)化建設(shè)過程中,手工業(yè)通過吸收、消化城市和農(nóng)村中的剩余勞動(dòng)力,不僅有助于杜會(huì)的穩(wěn)定,而且還為國家培養(yǎng)了技術(shù)工人,是國營工業(yè)后備技術(shù)力量的重要源泉之一。與全國其他地區(qū)手工業(yè)社會(huì)主義改造相比,浙江省作為傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)最為發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)之一,具有一定的典型性和特殊性。浙江省在手工業(yè)改造過程中,一方面積極貫徹和執(zhí)行中共中央的手工業(yè)改造政策,另一方面又根據(jù)自身的實(shí)際情況,推進(jìn)和完成手工業(yè)的改造任務(wù)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)其明確的社會(huì)主義方向和目標(biāo),浙江省積極依靠勞動(dòng)者協(xié)會(huì)、手工業(yè)行政管理機(jī)構(gòu),組織和引導(dǎo)個(gè)體手工業(yè)者逐步走向集體化生產(chǎn)道路。通過社會(huì)主義教育和階級(jí)劃分,提高個(gè)體手工業(yè)者思想覺悟和加強(qiáng)對(duì)基層政權(quán)控制的同時(shí),還建立起新的經(jīng)營管理制度,以適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)組織所帶來的變化。在手工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后、資金短缺等客觀因素制約下,將個(gè)體手工業(yè)者組織起來,對(duì)其進(jìn)行勞動(dòng)上的分工協(xié)作,是當(dāng)時(shí)提高生產(chǎn)效率一種相對(duì)較好的選擇。雖然手工業(yè)機(jī)械化、半機(jī)械化程度不斷地提高,為手工業(yè)合作社過渡到集體企業(yè)和國營工業(yè)創(chuàng)造了有利條件。但是,在國家工業(yè)化的大背景下,優(yōu)先發(fā)展現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的政策,還是阻礙了手工業(yè)漸進(jìn)式的發(fā)展。尤其是技術(shù)水平低下和物資資源短缺,給手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來了嚴(yán)重影響。另外,手工業(yè)者經(jīng)濟(jì)收入減少、合作社經(jīng)營管理水平落后等方面的問題,致使其在改造高潮后陷入長期的停滯徘徊狀態(tài)。有些地區(qū)對(duì)手工業(yè)的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)不足,還影響了技藝的傳承和延續(xù)。手工業(yè)社會(huì)主義改造能在短期內(nèi)順利完成,充分體現(xiàn)出國家強(qiáng)大的組織動(dòng)員能力,但是在改造過程中以及合作化高潮后所暴露出來的問題,又顯示出其要求過急和處理方式簡單化的缺憾。
[Abstract]:After the founding of People's Republic of China, after three years of the recovery and development of the national economy, the country started a large-scale industrial construction and ownership reform. As a part of the "three transformations", agriculture and capitalist industry and commerce are not only closely related to the production and life of urban and rural residents, but also have an important impact on the development of industry and agriculture. Based on the archives and local documents of Zhejiang archives, the background, process and results of the socialist transformation of handicraft industry in Zhejiang from 1953 to 1956 were analyzed and studied in depth. In 1953, on the basis of the model of the economic development of the Soviet Union, China made and began to implement the first five year plan of the national economy. But because China was lack of modern industrial machinery, backward production mode in urban and rural people's daily production and living materials meet, a large part is accomplished by hand industrial production; especially in agricultural production, a large number of tools manufacturing and maintenance work, still need to rely on the handicraft industry. At the same time, in the process of industrialization, the handicraft industry not only contributes to the stability of Duhui, but also trains skilled workers for the country by absorbing and digesting the surplus labor force in the urban and rural areas, which is one of the important sources of the reserve technology power of the state industry. Compared with other socialist transformation in handicraft industry in China, Zhejiang province is one of the most developed areas in traditional handicraft industry, and has certain typicality and particularity. In the process of transformation of handicraft industry in Zhejiang Province, on the one hand, it actively implements and implements the policy of handicraft transformation in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. On the other hand, it also promotes and completes the transformation task of handicraft industry according to its own actual conditions. In order to achieve its clear socialist orientation and goals, Zhejiang actively relies on laborers' associations and handicraft administration agencies, organizing and guiding individual handicraftsmen to gradually move towards collectivization production. Through the socialist education and class division, we can enhance the ideological consciousness of individual handicraftsmen and strengthen the control of grass-roots political power. At the same time, we also set up a new management system to adapt to the changes brought by production organizations. Constrained by objective factors such as backwardness in handicraft industry and shortage of funds, it is a relatively good choice to organize individual workers and work division and cooperation on labor at that time. Although the degree of mechanization and semi mechanization of the handicraft industry has been continuously improved, it has created favorable conditions for the transition of handicraft cooperatives to collective enterprises and state industry. However, under the background of national industrialization, the policy of developing modern industry in priority is still hindering the gradual development of the handicraft industry. In particular, the low level of technology and the shortage of material resources have brought serious impact on the production of handicraft industry. In addition, the problems such as the decrease of handicraftsmen's economic income and the backwardness of the management level of cooperatives cause them to fall into a long-term stagnation after the transformation of the climax. In some areas, the nature and characteristics of the industry are insufficient, and it also affects the inheritance and continuation of the skills. The successful completion of the socialist transformation of handicraft industry in the short term, fully embodies the national mobilization capability strong organization, but exposed in the process of transformation and co-operation after the climax, and shows its requirements and treatment too simplistic defects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F429;K27
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本文編號(hào)：1342493