【摘要】：兩宋白銀貨幣化是一個有重要研究價值的課題。該課題的研究,對于深化中國古代貨幣史、宋代經(jīng)濟(jì)史的研究,探討交換的發(fā)展與貨幣演變的關(guān)系,把握古代商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),均有重要意義。 近半個世紀(jì)以來,在馬克思主義理論指導(dǎo)下,兩宋白銀貨幣化問題的研究取得了大量成果。李埏先生在生產(chǎn)與交換的宏觀視野中,把馬克思主義貨幣理論與中國古代貨幣發(fā)展的實(shí)際結(jié)合起來,科學(xué)地闡述了判定白銀貨幣化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方法,否定了唐代曾用銀作貨幣的觀點(diǎn),揭示了唐代的交換水平與白銀貨幣化的關(guān)系,并對北宋初四川白銀短缺與創(chuàng)行交子的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了深入探討,為深化該課題的研究奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),指明了方向。近年來,李槐、蕭清、馬力、高聰明等也結(jié)合兩宋商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展情況,對白銀生產(chǎn)、使用及貨幣化問題進(jìn)行了研究。于是,學(xué)術(shù)界在兩宋白銀貨幣化的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)、貨幣化取決于商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展等方面逐步形成共識。而下述問題則日益凸現(xiàn)出來,成為貨幣史學(xué)科前沿的重要問題:白銀貨幣化的前提是什么?兩宋間白銀何時、如何獲得價值尺度和流通手段職能,完成從商品向貨幣的轉(zhuǎn)變?交換的發(fā)展如何使白銀變成貨幣? 論文分為“商品銀流通的發(fā)展:白銀貨幣化的重要前提”、“白銀貨幣化的標(biāo)志之一:價值尺度職能的獲得”、“白銀貨幣化的標(biāo)志之二:流通手段職能的獲得”、“交換的發(fā)展:白銀貨幣化的根本動因”等四個部分,試圖就上述幾個問題做出回答。論文的主要觀點(diǎn)是: 白銀貨幣化指的是白銀從商品變成貨幣的過程,亦即白銀獲得價值尺度和流通手段職能的過程。兩宋白銀貨幣化的起點(diǎn)在神宗朝(1068～1085),經(jīng)歷了一個世紀(jì)的發(fā)展,至遲在孝宗朝(1163～1189)初步完成。神宗朝以前的白銀是商品,而孝宗朝以后的白銀獲得了價值尺度和流通手段職能,變成了貨幣。白銀貨幣化的根本動因是交換的發(fā)展。是交換的發(fā)展,需要白銀充當(dāng)貨幣,并賦予它
[Abstract]:The monetization of silver in the Song Dynasty is an important research topic. The study of this subject is of great significance to deepen the study of ancient Chinese monetary history and Song Dynasty economic history, to explore the relationship between the development of exchange and monetary evolution, and to grasp the context of the development of ancient commodity economy. In the past half century, under the guidance of Marxist theory, a lot of achievements have been made in the study of silver monetization in the Song Dynasty. In the macro vision of production and exchange, Mr. Li Yu combined Marxist monetary theory with the reality of monetary development in ancient China, and scientifically expounded the criteria and methods for judging the monetization of silver. This paper negates the viewpoint that silver was used as currency in Tang Dynasty, reveals the relationship between the exchange level of Tang Dynasty and the monetization of silver, and probes into the relationship between the shortage of silver in Sichuan and the Jiaozi of Chuangxing in the early Northern Song Dynasty. It lays a solid foundation and points out the direction for deepening the research of the subject. In recent years, Li Huai, Xiao Qing, horsepower and Gao Smart have also studied the production, use and monetization of silver in combination with the development of commodity economy in Song Dynasty. Therefore, the academic circles gradually reached a consensus on the material basis of silver monetization in the Song Dynasty, and monetization depended on the development of commodity economy. The following problems have become increasingly prominent and become an important issue at the forefront of the subject of monetary history: what is the premise of monetization of silver? When did silver in the Song Dynasty obtain the function of value scale and circulation means to complete the transformation from commodity to currency? How does the development of exchange turn silver into currency? The paper is divided into "the development of commodity silver circulation: an important prerequisite for silver monetization", "one of the symbols of silver monetization: the acquisition of value scale function", and "the second sign of silver monetization: the acquisition of circulation means function". The development of exchange: the fundamental motivation of silver monetization and other four parts try to answer the above questions. The main point of view of this paper is that silver monetization refers to the process of silver changing from commodity to currency, that is, the process of silver obtaining the value scale and the function of circulation means. The starting point of silver monetization in the Song Dynasty was the Shenzong Dynasty (1068 鈮，

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