法國(guó)耶穌會(huì)士兼“國(guó)王數(shù)學(xué)家”李明及其《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-09 15:39
【摘要】： 在中西文化交流史上,明末清初是一個(gè)輝煌的時(shí)期,東西方的認(rèn)識(shí)和溝通達(dá)到了前所未有的程度,而耶穌會(huì)士則是成就這一輝煌的橋梁,但是,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),許多人在言及此段時(shí)期耶穌會(huì)士的貢獻(xiàn)時(shí),總是把目光聚焦在羅明堅(jiān)、利瑪竇、湯若望、南懷仁等知名傳教士身上,而忽略了許多對(duì)此段時(shí)期的中西文化交流有重要影響的普通傳教士的研究。 李明(Louis Le Comte,1655-1728)是一位法國(guó)耶穌會(huì)士,1687年被路易十四以“國(guó)王數(shù)學(xué)家”身份與其余四位同伴派遣到中國(guó),并卷入了與葡萄牙的保教權(quán)之爭(zhēng),1691年被迫返回法國(guó)。1696年,為了替耶穌會(huì)士的“適應(yīng)政策”辯護(hù),他著《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》,在歐洲掀起了一場(chǎng)“中國(guó)禮儀之爭(zhēng)”的大辯論。1700年,《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》遭到巴黎索邦神學(xué)院的貶責(zé),被列為禁書(shū)。但是,《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》雖然是為“適應(yīng)政策”辯護(hù)而著,它也是一本關(guān)于中國(guó)的百科全書(shū),是17世紀(jì)歐洲人對(duì)中國(guó)認(rèn)識(shí)的總結(jié)。由于該書(shū)對(duì)中國(guó)豐富的報(bào)道,使它成為18世紀(jì)歐洲人,特別是啟蒙思想家們了解中國(guó)的重要參考書(shū)之一,并且對(duì)他們中的許多人,如伏爾泰、魁奈、萊布尼茨等都產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。 但是,對(duì)于這樣一位在中外文化交流史上又重要影響的耶穌會(huì)士及其著作,中外學(xué)者都缺乏深入、系統(tǒng)的研究,而李明和他的《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》又是這段歷史重要的部分,所以很多人雖然只是簡(jiǎn)單提及,也出現(xiàn)不少錯(cuò)誤,這對(duì)于我們正確、深入地了解這段歷史顯然是無(wú)益的。 本文主要從四個(gè)方面來(lái)研究李明及其《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》。一、李明作為“國(guó)王數(shù)學(xué)家”來(lái)華背景、來(lái)華經(jīng)歷。二、李明《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》的內(nèi)容分析,主要通過(guò)與早期傳教士著作的比較研究,展現(xiàn)出歐洲人在認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)的漸進(jìn)過(guò)程和李明此書(shū)在中西文化交流史上的地位。三、禮儀之爭(zhēng)的背景和李明為禮儀之爭(zhēng)所作的辯護(hù),體現(xiàn)李明在禮儀之爭(zhēng)中的作用。四、李明《中國(guó)近事報(bào)道》對(duì)啟蒙思想家們的具體影響,由此體現(xiàn)出他在影響啟蒙思想家的“傳教士”集體中的個(gè)人作用。 本文屬于個(gè)案研究,希望通過(guò)對(duì)傳教士個(gè)體深入細(xì)致地研究,推進(jìn)明清中西文化交流史研究的深度。
[Abstract]:In the history of cultural exchange between China and the West, the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty was a glorious period, the understanding and communication between the East and the West reached an unprecedented level, and the Jesuits were the bridge to achieve this brilliant achievement, but, for a long time, Many people, speaking of the contributions of the Jesuits during this period, always focused their attention on well-known missionaries such as Luo Mingjian, Matteo Ricci, Tang Ruowang, Ferdinand Verbiest and other well-known missionaries. Many of the studies of common missionaries which had an important influence on the cultural exchange between China and the West during this period were ignored. Li Ming (Louis Le Comte,1655-1728, a French Jesuit, was sent to China in 1687 by Louis XIV as "King mathematician" with the other four companions, and was involved in a dispute with Portugal over the right to proselytism. In 1691, he was forced to return to France. In 1696, in order to defend the Jesuits'"adaptive policy," he wrote the China recent report, which set off a great debate about "Chinese etiquette" in Europe. China recent report was condemned by Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris and listed as a forbidden book. However, although it is a defense of "adaptive policy", it is also an encyclopedia of China and a summary of European knowledge of China in the 17th century. The book's rich coverage of China makes it one of the most important reference books for 18th-century Europeans, especially for enlightenment thinkers, and for many of them, such as Voltaire, Quinay, Leibniz and so on have had the very big influence. However, for such a Jesuit and his works, which have an important influence in the history of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, both Chinese and foreign scholars lack in-depth and systematic research, and Li Ming and his "China's recent report" are an important part of this period of history. So many people, even though they simply mention it, also make a lot of mistakes, which is obviously not good for us to understand this section of history in depth. This article mainly from four aspects to study Li Ming and its China recent incident report. First, Li Ming came to China as a "king mathematician" and came to China. Secondly, the content analysis of Li Ming's "China's recent report", mainly through the comparative study with the early missionary works, shows the European's gradual process of understanding China and the status of this book in the history of cultural exchange between China and the West. Third, the background of the etiquette debate and Li Ming's defense of the etiquette dispute reflect the role of Li Ming in the etiquette debate. Fourthly, Li Ming's "China recent report" has a concrete influence on the enlightenment thinkers, which reflects his individual role in the "missionary" collective that influenced the enlightening thinkers. This paper is a case study, hoping to promote the depth of the study of the history of cultural exchange between China and the West in Ming and Qing dynasties through the thorough and meticulous study of the individual missionaries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K249;K248.3
[Abstract]:In the history of cultural exchange between China and the West, the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty was a glorious period, the understanding and communication between the East and the West reached an unprecedented level, and the Jesuits were the bridge to achieve this brilliant achievement, but, for a long time, Many people, speaking of the contributions of the Jesuits during this period, always focused their attention on well-known missionaries such as Luo Mingjian, Matteo Ricci, Tang Ruowang, Ferdinand Verbiest and other well-known missionaries. Many of the studies of common missionaries which had an important influence on the cultural exchange between China and the West during this period were ignored. Li Ming (Louis Le Comte,1655-1728, a French Jesuit, was sent to China in 1687 by Louis XIV as "King mathematician" with the other four companions, and was involved in a dispute with Portugal over the right to proselytism. In 1691, he was forced to return to France. In 1696, in order to defend the Jesuits'"adaptive policy," he wrote the China recent report, which set off a great debate about "Chinese etiquette" in Europe. China recent report was condemned by Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris and listed as a forbidden book. However, although it is a defense of "adaptive policy", it is also an encyclopedia of China and a summary of European knowledge of China in the 17th century. The book's rich coverage of China makes it one of the most important reference books for 18th-century Europeans, especially for enlightenment thinkers, and for many of them, such as Voltaire, Quinay, Leibniz and so on have had the very big influence. However, for such a Jesuit and his works, which have an important influence in the history of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, both Chinese and foreign scholars lack in-depth and systematic research, and Li Ming and his "China's recent report" are an important part of this period of history. So many people, even though they simply mention it, also make a lot of mistakes, which is obviously not good for us to understand this section of history in depth. This article mainly from four aspects to study Li Ming and its China recent incident report. First, Li Ming came to China as a "king mathematician" and came to China. Secondly, the content analysis of Li Ming's "China's recent report", mainly through the comparative study with the early missionary works, shows the European's gradual process of understanding China and the status of this book in the history of cultural exchange between China and the West. Third, the background of the etiquette debate and Li Ming's defense of the etiquette dispute reflect the role of Li Ming in the etiquette debate. Fourthly, Li Ming's "China recent report" has a concrete influence on the enlightenment thinkers, which reflects his individual role in the "missionary" collective that influenced the enlightening thinkers. This paper is a case study, hoping to promote the depth of the study of the history of cultural exchange between China and the West in Ming and Qing dynasties through the thorough and meticulous study of the individual missionaries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K249;K248.3
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