【摘要】： 西漢時期是與唐并稱的我國數(shù)千年歷史長河中最為璀璨光輝的時代,這一時期,對外政策是積極進取的,是擴張型的,而漢朝政府與今西北地區(qū)少數(shù)民族政權的聯(lián)系是非常緊密的,開創(chuàng)了漢族地區(qū)和西北少數(shù)民族地區(qū)交流融合的第一個高潮時期。為了保證國家安全,防止匈奴入侵,加強對河西的控制,促進內(nèi)地與西域的交流,拓展統(tǒng)治階層的眼界,增進漢族與少數(shù)民族的融合,自武帝起,漢政府便在河西地區(qū)建立了酒泉、張掖、敦煌、武威四郡,并以經(jīng)濟上的各種優(yōu)惠措施鼓勵平民“移民實邊”,同時派遣軍隊在河西地區(qū)進行屯戍。這些屯戍吏卒的口糧及衣物等生活用品由國家供給,這兩種措施相結合便幫助漢朝政府對河西地區(qū)進行有效的管理。在政府的運作下,河西四郡的常住人口達到了數(shù)十萬,他們成為河西地區(qū)商貿(mào)發(fā)展的基礎性力量,他們的需要,促使了河西地區(qū)內(nèi)部商貿(mào)發(fā)展的相對活躍,這些廣泛存在于河西地區(qū)內(nèi)部的商貿(mào)行為在維持漢政府對河西地區(qū)的有效控制以及河西地區(qū)社會穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,保障屯戍機制的有序運轉起到了重要支持和推動作用。另一方面,漢朝在對外的交往中,更主要的是一種宗主國與附屬之間的不平等的朝貢關系,在這種體系中,周邊諸國通過以數(shù)量較少的貢品在政治上向漢朝表示臣服,而漢朝則通過回贈大量的禮物以示肯定,經(jīng)過這樣的一種“交換”來保證雙方的安定平。這樣一種交換,漢朝非但不能從經(jīng)濟上獲得利益,反而要背上沉重的負擔,從純經(jīng)濟的角度而言是不劃算的,并不是一種純商業(yè)意義上的交換,就此而言,在漢朝的對外交往中,純粹的商業(yè)貿(mào)易不能說沒有,至少相對于朝貢往來而言是比較少見的。
[Abstract]:The period of the Western Han Dynasty was the most brilliant one in the long history of thousands of years, and the foreign policy was aggressive and expansionary. The relationship between Han government and minority regime in Northwest China was very close, which opened the first period of communication and integration between Han nationality region and northwest minority area. In order to ensure national security, prevent the Xiongnu invading, strengthen the control over Hexi, promote the exchange between the interior and the western regions, expand the horizon of the ruling class, and promote the integration of the Han nationality and the ethnic minorities, since Emperor Wu, The Han government established Jiuquan, Zhangye, Dunhuang and Wuwei counties in Hexi, and encouraged the civilian population to "emigrate to the border" with various preferential economic measures, while sending troops to garrison the Hexi area. The food rations and clothing of these garrison soldiers were supplied by the state. The combination of these two measures helped the Han government to manage the Hexi area effectively. Under the operation of the government, the resident population of the four counties in Hexi has reached several hundred thousand. They have become the basic force for the development of commerce and trade in Hexi. Their needs have promoted the relatively active development of commerce and commerce within Hexi. These commercial behaviors, which widely exist in Hexi region, have played an important role in maintaining the effective control of Hexi region by the Han government and the stable development of the society in Hexi region, and in ensuring the orderly operation of the garrison mechanism. On the other hand, in the external contacts of the Han Dynasty, it was more important that there was an unequal tribute relationship between the sovereign state and its subordinates. In this system, the neighboring countries expressed their political obedience to the Han Dynasty through a relatively small number of tributes. The Han Dynasty gave back a large number of gifts as a token of affirmation, through such a "exchange" to ensure the stability of both sides. Not only could the Han Dynasty not only benefit from the economy, but also carry a heavy burden. From a purely economic point of view, such an exchange was not a purely commercial exchange. In the foreign exchanges of the Han Dynasty, pure commercial trade can not be said to be absent, at least relative to tributary exchanges is relatively rare.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K234

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