發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-12 12:24

【摘要】：北魏對(duì)宗王的政策經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段。 第一階段，北魏前期，國(guó)家尚未過(guò)渡到較為先進(jìn)的封建社會(huì)，部落制的遺存還很多，皇權(quán)并不十分強(qiáng)大。拓跋宗室貴族在國(guó)家中的力量很大，是北魏建國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)，也是皇帝維持統(tǒng)治所必須依賴的力量。北魏前期戰(zhàn)事頻繁，軍事成為國(guó)家的頭等大事，由于拓跋宗室力量的強(qiáng)大及北魏前期對(duì)異族人的不信任，本族人成為北魏軍隊(duì)的核心。在北魏前期的軍事上，皇帝奉行了重用宗王的政策，但隨著北魏不斷的封建化和加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán)，皇權(quán)也不斷的走向強(qiáng)大。這時(shí)，曾在軍事上發(fā)揮過(guò)重要作用的宗王又構(gòu)成北魏加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán)的威脅。因此，北魏前期的皇帝在軍事上重用宗王的同時(shí)，又采取了一系列削弱宗王力量的措施。呈現(xiàn)出打擊和重用并存的兩面性。 第二階段，孝文帝統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，對(duì)宗王的政策發(fā)生了變化。孝文帝改革北魏的封爵制，提高宗王的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位，加強(qiáng)宗王和漢族高門(mén)士人的聯(lián)系，讓宗室諸王進(jìn)入中央輔政，建立起以宗室貴族輔助皇帝的政治格局。宗王對(duì)孝文帝的漢化改革事業(yè)起了重要作用。 第三階段，北魏后期宣武帝即位后，對(duì)宗王的政策和孝文帝時(shí)期相比又發(fā)生了根本性的變化。宗室貴族不被信任，皇帝和宗室諸王的矛盾十分尖銳。先是剝奪宗王的輔政之權(quán)，引用外戚輔政，很快又對(duì)失去輔政之權(quán)的宗室諸王進(jìn)行血腥的打擊。打擊的結(jié)果，，雖然維持了政治的暫時(shí)穩(wěn)定，但也失去宗室諸王的拱衛(wèi)。孝明帝即位后，雖然不再采取打擊宗室的措施，但也沒(méi)有采取有效的措施提高宗室的地位，北魏宗室力量逐漸衰落。到六鎮(zhèn)起義后，皇帝在政治、軍事上失去了宗王的輔佐與拱衛(wèi)，導(dǎo)致?tīng)栔焓峡刂票蔽旱恼䴔?quán)。北魏后來(lái)的滅亡，與北魏的宗室衰落有關(guān)。 總之，北魏對(duì)宗王的政策經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段。這三個(gè)階級(jí)有著不同的歷史背景，對(duì)北魏的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了不同的影響。
[Abstract]:The policy of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the emperor experienced three stages. In the first stage, in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the state had not yet transitioned to a more advanced feudal society, and there were still many relics of the tribal system, and the imperial power was not very strong. The aristocracy of Tuoba was the foundation of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the power on which the emperor maintained his rule. In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, wars were frequent, and military affairs became the top priority of the country. Due to the strength of the Tuoba clan and the distrust of the foreigners in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the native people became the core of the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the emperor pursued the policy of reusing the patriarchal kings, but with the feudalization of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the strengthening of the centralization of power, the imperial power continued to become stronger. At this time, once played an important role in the military, the emperor posed a threat to the centralization of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Therefore, the emperors in the early Northern Wei Dynasty used a series of measures to weaken the power of the kings while reusing them militarily. There are two sides to strike and reuse. In the second stage, during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen, the policy on the king changed. Emperor Xiaowen reformed the system of consecration in the Northern Wei Dynasty, improved the economic status of the monarchs, strengthened the connection between the monarchs and the scholars of the Han nationality, allowed the kings to enter into the central auxiliary government, and established the political pattern of the emperors assisted by the patriarchal aristocrats. The emperor played an important role in the reform of Emperor Xiaowen. In the third stage, when Emperor Xuanwu took power in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, the policy of Emperor Zongwang changed fundamentally compared with the period of Emperor Xiaowen. Patriarchal aristocrats were not trusted, and the contradiction between the emperor and the kings was acute. First, the king was deprived of the power to assist the government, citing foreign relatives and auxiliary government, and then carried out a bloody attack on the kings who had lost the power of auxiliary government. The result of the attack, although maintaining a temporary political stability, but also lost the emperor's arch guard. After the reign of Emperor Xiaomingdi, although no measures were taken to crack down on the clan, no effective measures were taken to improve the position of the clan, and the power of the imperial clan of the Northern Wei Dynasty gradually declined. After the uprising of the six towns, the emperor lost the king's support and guard in politics and military affairs, which led him to control the regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The death of the Northern Wei Dynasty was related to the decline of the imperial clan. In a word, the policy of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the emperor experienced three stages. These three classes had different historical backgrounds and had different influences on the development of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K239.21

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李紅麗;南北朝各類(lèi)戶籍與人口管理研究[D];鄭州大學(xué);2013年

本文編號(hào)：2374545