【摘要】：清初在對(duì)酒的管理上，原本采取的是順其自然的寬容政策�？涤簝沙瘜�(duì)酒的控制較為松弛。乾隆時(shí)期，糧食價(jià)格的居高不下、人口的迅猛膨脹、人均可耕地面積的驟減使?jié)摲纳鐣?huì)危機(jī)日益浮現(xiàn)。乾隆初年先后發(fā)布大量的指示，嚴(yán)禁酒曲制造與流通，并先后組織朝臣和封疆大吏針對(duì)禁酒的具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行分析，并且對(duì)禁酒事實(shí)上的可行與否進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。雖然這兩次討論所提出的建議并沒(méi)有超越前人思索的窠臼，但卻使禁酒政策在實(shí)施的過(guò)程中避免了極端化和盲目性。因此，乾隆朝的酒禁政策呈現(xiàn)出區(qū)域性、選擇性和內(nèi)在矛盾性的特點(diǎn)。但是酒禁政策最終沒(méi)能達(dá)到統(tǒng)治者的主觀愿望，決策的理想化與現(xiàn)實(shí)的操作之間的差距正說(shuō)明了這一政策的不可行性。嘉慶四年，清朝取消了酒禁政策，開(kāi)始在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)征收酒曲之稅。乾隆朝的酒禁政策實(shí)質(zhì)上是，試圖用國(guó)家強(qiáng)力干預(yù)自發(fā)的商品經(jīng)濟(jì)行為，，以保證農(nóng)本國(guó)策的貫徹，進(jìn)而穩(wěn)定社會(huì)局勢(shì)的一種設(shè)想。但是乾隆時(shí)期所面臨的問(wèn)題是：人口數(shù)量的膨脹已經(jīng)超出了封建經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)所能承受的限度，隱藏在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的固疾也因人口因素的刺激而逐漸惡化，并擴(kuò)散到清朝政權(quán)的各個(gè)角落。而酒禁政策實(shí)際上還是停留在一般性的表層修補(bǔ)，于事并無(wú)裨益。
[Abstract]:In the early Qing Dynasty, the management of wine was originally adopted a tolerant policy of letting nature take its course. Kangyong two dynasties to the wine control is relatively relaxed. During the Qianlong period, the high grain price, the rapid expansion of population and the sharp decrease of per capita arable land made the latent social crisis emerge day by day. Qianlong issued a large number of instructions in the early years, forbidden the manufacture and circulation of wine, and organized courtiers and officials to analyze the details of the prohibition, and discussed the feasibility of prohibition. Although the suggestions made by these two discussions do not exceed the conventional thinking of predecessors, the policy of prohibition of alcohol has avoided extreme and blindness in the process of implementation. Therefore, the policy of prohibition of alcohol in Qianlong Dynasty showed regional, selective and internal contradictory characteristics. However, the policy of alcohol ban failed to achieve the subjective wishes of the rulers, and the gap between the idealization of decision-making and the operation of reality shows that the policy is not feasible. Jiaqing four years, the Qing Dynasty to abolish the ban on alcohol, began to levy a nationwide tax on wine. The policy of banning alcohol in Qianlong Dynasty was a tentative idea to use the state to intervene in the spontaneous commodity economy behavior in order to ensure the implementation of the peasant policy and to stabilize the social situation. But the problem in the Qianlong period was that the population expansion had exceeded the limits of the feudal economic structure, and the underlying diseases hidden in the structure had been gradually worsened by the stimulation of population factors. And spread to every corner of the Qing regime. But the prohibition policy actually stays in the general surface repair, does not benefit in the matter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：K249.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 郭旭;;清末民初酒稅制度因革論[J];貴州文史叢刊;2011年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 奚麗芳;清乾隆朝荒政研究[D];浙江工商大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：2229796