【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)評(píng)是晚明民間輿論的一種形式,反映鄉(xiāng)里社會(huì)的群體共識(shí)和道德期許,因兼具公論批判的性質(zhì)與評(píng)斷是非的功能,成為晚明鄉(xiāng)宦借以維持威望的輿論資源。鄉(xiāng)宦一方面主動(dòng)趨附鄉(xiāng)評(píng),通過(guò)救荒、慈善、基建等行為實(shí)現(xiàn)與鄉(xiāng)評(píng)之間的良性互動(dòng);另一方面,隨著晚明鄉(xiāng)評(píng)的不斷尖銳化,鄉(xiāng)宦陷入惡評(píng)的漩渦中,他們因畏于鄉(xiāng)評(píng)而杜門(mén)自守,與鄉(xiāng)民的關(guān)系也不斷惡化,以至釀成大規(guī)模的民變。最終晚明鄉(xiāng)評(píng)參與并推動(dòng)了地方社會(huì)權(quán)力階層的力量轉(zhuǎn)變,生員階層代鄉(xiāng)宦而起,但也造成了地方社會(huì)秩序的紊亂。
[Abstract]:Rural evaluation is a form of public opinion in the late Ming Dynasty, which reflects the collective consensus and moral expectation of the rural society. Because of the nature of public criticism and the function of judging right and wrong, it has become the public opinion resource to maintain the prestige of the township officials in the late Ming Dynasty. On the one hand, the township officials actively attached to the township evaluation, through the relief, charity, infrastructure and other behaviors to achieve a positive interaction with the township evaluation; on the other hand, with the continuous sharpening of the township evaluation in the late Ming Dynasty, the township officials fell into the whirlpool of evil comments. For fear of comments on their own, du's relations with the villagers also deteriorated, leading to large-scale civil unrest. Finally, the village evaluation in late Ming Dynasty took part in and promoted the transformation of the power of the local social power stratum, and the living class rose on behalf of the township officials, but it also caused the disorder of the local social order.
【作者單位】： 華中師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)重點(diǎn)研究基地項(xiàng)目“近世知識(shí)群體的專(zhuān)業(yè)化與社會(huì)變遷”(12JJD770018)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K248

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