【摘要】：本論文正文共分三章。第一章官府手工業(yè)。本章論述了官府手工業(yè)的整體情況，包括官府手工業(yè)的三種類型、官府手工業(yè)的管理以及官府局院勞動(dòng)者——系官匠戶身份地位三節(jié)內(nèi)容。其中第一節(jié)劃分了官府手工業(yè)的類型。元代中央政府與地方政府經(jīng)營(yíng)著規(guī)模龐大的手工業(yè)，按類型劃分可分為中央政府在大都經(jīng)營(yíng)的手工業(yè)、中央政府在地方經(jīng)營(yíng)的手工業(yè)、地方政府經(jīng)營(yíng)的手工業(yè)三類。這三種類型的手工業(yè)，因各自的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，所以它們?cè)诮?jīng)營(yíng)的內(nèi)容與各自的職能上有很大差別。第二節(jié)論述了官府手工業(yè)的內(nèi)部管理情況。元政府為了保障官手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的順利進(jìn)行，實(shí)施了一系列的管理舉措，首先設(shè)立了工部、內(nèi)府、武備寺等管理機(jī)構(gòu)，對(duì)手工業(yè)進(jìn)行管理；其次制定了一套包括對(duì)勞動(dòng)人手以及生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)管理的措施。第三節(jié)探討了系官匠戶的身份地位。元代，在官府局院勞動(dòng)的主要是系官匠戶，位列匠籍。雖然他們與其他人戶一樣，是國(guó)家的編戶齊民，享有與其他人戶一樣的法律地位，但在應(yīng)役的具體環(huán)節(jié)上，他們不同于一般的勞動(dòng)者。 第二章民間手工業(yè)。第一節(jié)對(duì)民間手工業(yè)的類型作了劃分，元代民間手工業(yè)就其本身的專門性以及從業(yè)者的身份講，可細(xì)分為家庭手工業(yè)與私營(yíng)手工業(yè)兩種類型。前者多為家內(nèi)副業(yè)，是農(nóng)業(yè)的附屬；后者則不同，它的生產(chǎn)以盈利為目的，生產(chǎn)的商品化程度較高，其生產(chǎn)者往往是具備專門技能的手工業(yè)勞動(dòng)者。第二節(jié)討論民間手工業(yè)的商品化問(wèn)題。民間手工業(yè)與商品經(jīng)濟(jì)有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的關(guān)系，突出表現(xiàn)在，由于分工程度的不同，民間手工業(yè)的商品化生產(chǎn)出現(xiàn)了高、中、低三個(gè)不同的發(fā)展形態(tài)。另外，隨著手工業(yè)地區(qū)分工的發(fā)展，元代某些日用手工業(yè)品，還實(shí)現(xiàn)了跨區(qū)域的商品流通。第三節(jié)論述了元政府的手工業(yè)、礦業(yè)政策。元政府的紡織業(yè)政策主要包括兩個(gè)方面，一是針對(duì)家庭紡織業(yè)，，制定了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)農(nóng)桑、提倡小農(nóng)發(fā)展絲、麻、棉多種紡織業(yè)的措施；二針對(duì)民間私營(yíng)手工業(yè)，制定了一系列具體規(guī)定，內(nèi)容涉及對(duì)織造式樣、規(guī)格、質(zhì)量的詳細(xì)要求。元政府的礦業(yè)政策則突出表現(xiàn)在：鼓勵(lì)開發(fā)邊疆地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)以及在更大范圍內(nèi)允許私人采煉、交納礦課的舉措上。 第三章寺觀手工業(yè)與投下主貴族手工業(yè)。第一節(jié)初步探討了元代寺觀手工業(yè)的大體生產(chǎn)狀況。寺觀經(jīng)營(yíng)的手工業(yè)，就其類型講，屬寺觀內(nèi)部成員集體所有制性質(zhì)，較為特殊。經(jīng)營(yíng)的內(nèi)容，大部分是與日常生活需要密切相關(guān)的，諸如糧食加工業(yè)、榨油業(yè)、制茶業(yè)、藥品加工業(yè)等等；此外，由于元代寺觀經(jīng)濟(jì)力量強(qiáng)大，一些重要的、資金投入大的行業(yè)，如礦冶業(yè)、釀酒業(yè)等，寺觀也多有經(jīng)營(yíng)，這是元代寺觀手工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)突出特色。第二節(jié)介紹了元代頗具特色的政治群體——投下主貴族手工業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的情況。元代投下主貴族經(jīng)營(yíng)的手工業(yè)規(guī)模大、范圍廣，其中有些行業(yè)，如軍器制造業(yè)是官府特許經(jīng)營(yíng)的。另外，在它內(nèi)部不但有專門的手工業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)(比照官府機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立)，還有隸屬自己的工匠——怯憐口，因此就它的性質(zhì)講，具有公私兩重性，也是較為特殊的手工業(yè)類型。
[Abstract]:The main body of this paper is divided into three chapters. Chapter one discusses the overall situation of the government handicraft industry, including the three types of the government handicraft industry, the management of the government handicraft industry and the status of the workers in the Government Bureau and the craftsmen in the department. The first section divides the types of the government handicraft industry. The handicraft industry operated by the central government can be divided into three types: the handicraft industry operated by the central government in the metropolitan area, the handicraft industry operated by the central government in the local area and the handicraft industry operated by the local government. The second section discusses the internal management of the government handicraft industry. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the government handicraft industry, the Yuan government implemented a series of management measures. First of all, the Ministry of Industry, the Inner Government, the Wubei Temple and other administrative agencies were set up to manage the rival industries. Secondly, a set of management including the labor force and production of each. The third section discusses the status of the bureaucrats and craftsmen. In the Yuan Dynasty, they worked mainly as bureaucrats and craftsmen, ranking as craftsmen. A person.
The first section divides the types of folk handicraft industry into two types: the family handicraft industry and the private handicraft industry. The second section discusses the commercialization of the folk handicraft industry. The folk handicraft industry and the commodity economy have inextricably linked, highlighted in that, due to the different degree of division of labor, the commercialization of the folk handicraft industry appeared high, medium and low. In addition, with the development of regional division of labor in handicraft industry, some daily-use handicraft products in Yuan Dynasty also achieved cross-regional commodity circulation. Section 3 discusses the handicraft industry and mining policy of the Yuan government. The textile industry policy of the Yuan government mainly includes two aspects. First, it formulates a reward for agriculture and mulberry industry and advocates it. The measures taken by small farmers to develop various textile industries such as silk, linen and cotton, and the detailed requirements for weaving patterns, specifications and quality have been formulated for private handicraft industries. On the move.
The first section discusses the general production situation of the handicraft industry in the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, because of the strong economic power of the Temple View in Yuan Dynasty, some important industries, such as mining, smelting, brewing and so on, with large capital investment, the temple view also has many operations, which is a prominent feature of the Temple View handicraft industry economy in Yuan Dynasty. The handicraft industry operated by the Lord aristocrats in the Yuan Dynasty was large in scale and wide in scope. Some of these industries, such as the military industry, were franchised by the government. It is also a special type of handicraft industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：K247

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鄭振清;東南地區(qū)寺觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)及其社會(huì)影響[J];東南學(xué)術(shù);2001年06期

2 楊娜;;寺觀丹青越千年——略論山西的寺觀壁畫藝術(shù)[J];中華文化畫報(bào);2006年08期

3 游彪;;宋代寺觀數(shù)量問(wèn)題考辨[J];文史哲;2009年03期

4 黃永厚;尸變[J];w

本文編號(hào)：2188174