【摘要】：五代和宋朝政權(quán)由游民武裝建立，脫離于鄉(xiāng)村宗族勢力。五代時(shí)官僚家庭要么依附于政權(quán)而脫離鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)，要么在鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)發(fā)展而脫離政權(quán)。宋代鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)在國家組織系統(tǒng)之外自行運(yùn)作，包括對鄉(xiāng)村資源的支配、對鄉(xiāng)村共同利益的維護(hù)、意識(shí)形態(tài)、宗族組織等四個(gè)方面。 宋朝的科舉是選拔文人官僚的途徑，也是吸納游民、防范游民武裝集團(tuán)形成的手段，體現(xiàn)了專制政權(quán)權(quán)力普遍化的傾向。從事科舉意味著背井離鄉(xiāng)，，以及財(cái)力、人力的巨大投入，這給農(nóng)業(yè)家庭在鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)的經(jīng)營帶來很大影響，鄉(xiāng)村子弟對科舉常感不適應(yīng)。但鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)也熱衷于科舉，因?yàn)榭婆e使他們的勢力超越了鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)。科舉是家庭的事業(yè)，鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)往往組織幾代人、甚至全家族的力量共同參與科舉。 宋朝以“鄉(xiāng)舉里選”為幌子，通過“三舍法”等手段，試圖達(dá)到“一道德”等權(quán)力擴(kuò)張的目的，但歸于失敗。理學(xué)家要求將理學(xué)納入科舉制度。通過科舉理學(xué)化，專制政權(quán)與鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)之間產(chǎn)生一種并存和相互限制的新機(jī)制。根據(jù)理學(xué)的理論，鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)與國家都是“天理”秩序的一部分，鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)的精英可以通過理學(xué)以及在鄉(xiāng)村的地位，聲稱自己是“天理”秩序和國家政治中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。通過科舉與理學(xué)，宋代以來“國家與社會(huì)”關(guān)系達(dá)成了一種新的整合機(jī)制，這是“唐宋變革”的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵，而所謂的“士紳階層”也正是這種整合機(jī)制的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The regimes of the five dynasties and the Song Dynasty were established by the vagrants and separated from the rural clan forces. In the five dynasties, bureaucratic families were either dependent on the regime and divorced from the rural society. The rural society in Song Dynasty operated on its own outside the national organization system, including the domination of rural resources, the maintenance of rural common interests, ideology and clan organization. The imperial examination of the Song Dynasty is a way to select literati bureaucrats, also a means to absorb travellers and guard against the formation of armed groups of travellers, which reflects the tendency of the power of autocratic regime to be generalized. To engage in imperial examinations means to leave their homes, and to invest a great deal of money and manpower, which has a great impact on the management of agricultural families in the rural society, and the children of the villages are often not adapted to the imperial examinations. But rural society is also keen on imperial examinations, because imperial examinations make them more powerful than rural society. Imperial examination is a family career, rural society often organized several generations, even the whole family forces to participate in the imperial examination. The Song Dynasty tried to achieve the purpose of "one morality" and other power expansion under the guise of "the election of the village" and through the means of "three houses law", but failed. Neo-Confucianism demands that Neo-Confucianism be brought into the imperial examination system. Through the Neo-Confucianism of imperial examination, the autocratic regime and the rural society produced a new mechanism of coexistence and mutual restriction. According to the theory of Neo-Confucianism, both rural society and country are part of the order of "heaven", and the elite of rural society can claim that they are important links in the order of "heaven" and national politics through Neo-Confucianism and their status in the countryside. Through imperial examination and Neo-Confucianism, the relationship between "state and society" has reached a new integration mechanism since the Song Dynasty, which is a key to the "transformation of Tang and Song dynasties", and the so-called "gentry stratum" is the result of this kind of integration mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：K244

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 李曉玨;;科舉考試制度下的宋代房屋租賃業(yè)[J];江西社會(huì)科學(xué);2009年02期

2 邵卯仙;榮國慶;王永革;邵有山;;試論科舉影響下晉城文學(xué)的發(fā)展[J];晉城職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2012年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 王朝陽;宋代士人經(jīng)商研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2011年

2 張雪紅;傳播與轉(zhuǎn)型：走向生活世界的宋代社會(huì)教化研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2010年

3 黃杰;比較歷史視野下的大國治理問題研究：以耦合治理結(jié)構(gòu)與治理績效的關(guān)系為線索[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 姚帥;宋代鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)空間研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2011年

2 胡雯姬;晉身之階[D];華中科技大學(xué);2011年

3 王勇;晁公恆詩歌研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2008年

4 李玫;科舉、家族與地方社會(huì)[D];南昌大學(xué);2008年

5 甘美芳;宋朝的“吏強(qiáng)官弱”[D];云南大學(xué);2010年

6 孟德鴻;宋代植物紋飾意蘊(yùn)研究[D];齊齊哈爾大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：2168152