【摘要】： 唐代商人的法律地位問題,是唐研究的一個重要方面。由于唐代統(tǒng)治者思想開明,政治長期相對穩(wěn)定,從而為經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展提供了必要的條件。唐代商人在政治生活中的地位較前代有較大提高,學(xué)術(shù)界相關(guān)的研究已取得了不少成果,但著重從法律地位的角度進(jìn)行論述的文章尚不多見。因此,從法律地位的角度來探討該問題,有助于更深入、全面地了解唐代商人在當(dāng)時社會中的地位,促進(jìn)唐代經(jīng)濟(jì)法制史的研究。 本文在論證中并不輕信當(dāng)時的法律規(guī)定,而是與具體的社會實際相驗證,來探究法律規(guī)定與實際操作之間的相合與歧異。文章具體分析了唐代商人享有的人格權(quán)、婚姻權(quán)、財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)與財產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)、交易權(quán)、政治權(quán)利、受教育權(quán)以及訴訟權(quán)等。同時,剖析了他們所承擔(dān)的賦稅、徭役等對國家的義務(wù)、商事活動中的義務(wù)以及日常生活中的義務(wù)等。最后,從比較的角度,歸納出唐代商人法律地位的四個特征:在唐代,官商法律地位最高,商業(yè)受政治權(quán)力干預(yù)較強(qiáng);商人實際地位遠(yuǎn)高于農(nóng)、工;到了唐中后期,商人地位仍在提高,但提高的程度有限;就整個封建社會的發(fā)展過程而言,唐代商人的法律地位,上承秦、漢之統(tǒng),下啟趙宋之新局面,處在歷史發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點上。 本文在吸收唐代社會經(jīng)濟(jì)史、法制史等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,較全面地探析了唐代商人的法律地位,對于商人締結(jié)婚姻的原則、在外亡故商人財物的認(rèn)領(lǐng)、官估與市場交易價格的關(guān)系、商人的罷市權(quán)、商人是否承擔(dān)租庸調(diào)及徭役等問題提出了一點自己的淺見。
[Abstract]:The legal status of Tang Dynasty merchants is an important aspect of Tang study. Because the rulers of Tang Dynasty were open-minded and politically stable for a long time, it provided necessary conditions for the healthy development of economy. The position of merchants in the political life of Tang Dynasty has been greatly improved compared with the previous generation. Many achievements have been made in the relevant research in academic circles, but few articles focusing on the legal status have been discussed. Therefore, it is helpful to understand the position of the merchants in the Tang Dynasty from the angle of legal status, and to promote the study of the history of economic law in the Tang Dynasty. This paper does not trust the legal provisions of that time, but verifies with the concrete social reality, to explore the coincidence and the difference between the legal provisions and the actual operation. The article concretely analyzes the personality right, marriage right, property ownership and inheritance right, transaction right, political right, education right and litigation right of Tang Dynasty merchants. At the same time, it analyzes the duty of tax, corvee, commercial activity and daily life. Finally, from the perspective of comparison, four characteristics of the legal status of businessmen in the Tang Dynasty are summarized: in the Tang Dynasty, the legal status of the official and commercial people is the highest, and the commerce is strongly interfered with by political power; the actual status of the businessmen is far higher than that of agriculture and industry; and by the middle and late Tang Dynasty, As far as the development process of the feudal society is concerned, the legal status of the merchants in the Tang Dynasty, taking on the Qin Dynasty, the unification of the Han Dynasty and the new situation of the beginning of the Zhao and Song dynasties, is at the turning point of historical development. On the basis of absorbing the achievements of social economic history and legal system history of the Tang Dynasty, this paper analyzes comprehensively the legal status of the merchants in the Tang Dynasty, the principle of marriage concluded by the businessmen, the claim of the property of the businessmen who died outside the country, and so on. The relationship between official evaluation and market transaction price, the right of strike, whether the merchant undertakes rent and corvee, and so on, are put forward in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K242

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