明清河西地區(qū)水與城鎮(zhèn)關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-27 15:33
【摘要】： 歷史時(shí)期人與自然互動(dòng)關(guān)系的研究是歷史地理學(xué)的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容之一,也是我們了解人類改造利用自然以及環(huán)境對(duì)人類社會(huì)發(fā)展反作用的重要途徑。水作為自然地理環(huán)境中與人類關(guān)系最為密切的因子,加之當(dāng)前城鎮(zhèn)水資源缺乏已成為世界性難題,從而水與城鎮(zhèn)關(guān)系的研究日益得到了人們的重視。 河西走廊地區(qū)位于我國(guó)西北內(nèi)陸,在自然區(qū)劃上屬于干旱半干旱地區(qū);從人類開(kāi)發(fā)歷史來(lái)看,其又處于我國(guó)農(nóng)牧交替帶上。本文選取該地區(qū)作為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用歷史地理學(xué)的理論和方法,研究歷史時(shí)期水對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)分布位置、發(fā)展歷史、規(guī)模等的影響以及城鎮(zhèn)居民對(duì)水環(huán)境改變的適應(yīng),具有一定的典型性和代表意義。通過(guò)與其他地區(qū)的比較,希望能夠?yàn)樗Y源制約下的城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展道路提供借鑒。 綜上所述,本文分為以下幾個(gè)部分: 第一部分:緒論。主要闡述了選題的依據(jù)和意義,介紹了相關(guān)研究、研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法。 第二部分:明清河西城鎮(zhèn)用水來(lái)源。該部分對(duì)明清時(shí)期該地區(qū)水資源狀況進(jìn)行了整體復(fù)原,分別對(duì)于河流、湖泊、泉澤和井水等地表地下水資源情況進(jìn)行了考察,為了解城鎮(zhèn)居民的用水問(wèn)題奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 第三部分:城鎮(zhèn)用水結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題的討論。該部分對(duì)于城鎮(zhèn)用水方式進(jìn)行了討論。明清時(shí)期河西走廊地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)用水主要有城鎮(zhèn)居民生活用水、城鎮(zhèn)防衛(wèi)用水、城鎮(zhèn)休閑用水、農(nóng)田灌溉用水以及人們直接利用水力等方式。 第四部分:水對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)的影響。本部分首先以石羊河流域?yàn)槔U述了水對(duì)于城鎮(zhèn)分布的影響和制約,接著討論了水源的變化對(duì)于城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的重大意義并探討了其與城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)模的關(guān)系,然后分別對(duì)水對(duì)于交通的有利和不利影響作了闡述,最后從地名角度對(duì)于自然環(huán)境的變化作了論述。 第五部分:河西水環(huán)境的惡化及人們的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。本部分對(duì)于水環(huán)境惡化的原因進(jìn)行了探討,并且對(duì)于水環(huán)境惡化條件下的城鎮(zhèn)居民的行為和反應(yīng)進(jìn)行了研究,最后則對(duì)人們對(duì)于水災(zāi)害的預(yù)防和應(yīng)對(duì)措施進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。 通過(guò)對(duì)全文總結(jié),可以得出以下結(jié)論:明清時(shí)期河西走廊水資源配置優(yōu)于現(xiàn)時(shí),這種優(yōu)越性并不表現(xiàn)在總量上,而是表現(xiàn)在當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)水量的需求要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于今日。用水主要集中于農(nóng)田灌溉和城鎮(zhèn)居民生活用水上,其中農(nóng)田灌溉占用水的大宗。水源不但對(duì)于城鎮(zhèn)的分布、發(fā)展、規(guī)模等方面有著重要影響,還以地名的方式反映著自然環(huán)境的變化。隨著水環(huán)境的惡化,人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一問(wèn)題并且采取了一系列的補(bǔ)救措施。
[Abstract]:The study of the interaction between man and nature during the historical period is one of the main contents of historical geography, and is also an important way for us to understand the adverse effects of human transformation and utilization of nature and the environment on the development of human society. Water is the most closely related factor in the natural geographical environment, and the lack of water resources in cities and towns has become a worldwide problem, so the study of the relationship between water and towns has been paid more and more attention. The Hexi Corridor is located in the inland northwest of China and belongs to the arid and semi-arid region in natural regionalization. From the history of human development, it is also located in the alternate belt of agriculture and animal husbandry in China. This paper selects this area as the research object, and applies the theory and method of historical geography to study the influence of water on the distribution position, development history and scale of cities and towns during the historical period, as well as the adaptation of urban residents to the change of water environment. It has certain typicality and representative meaning. Through the comparison with other regions, we hope to provide reference for the urban development road under the restriction of water resources. To sum up, this article is divided into the following parts: the first part: introduction. This paper mainly describes the basis and significance of the topic, introduces the relevant research, research content and methods. The second part: the water sources of western cities and towns in Ming and Qing dynasties. This part has carried on the overall restoration to the water resources condition of this area during the Ming and Qing dynasties, has carried on the inspection to the river, the lake, the spring and the well water and so on surface groundwater resources situation, has laid the solid foundation for understanding the urban resident's water use problem. The third part: the discussion of the structure of urban water use. In this part, the way of using water in cities and towns is discussed. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the urban water use in the Hexi Corridor mainly included the urban residents' domestic water, the urban defense water, the urban leisure water, the farmland irrigation water and the people's direct use of the water power and so on. The fourth part: the influence of water on the town. Firstly, taking Shiyang River Basin as an example, the paper expounds the influence and restriction of water on urban distribution, and then discusses the great significance of the change of water source to the development of cities and towns, and discusses the relationship between water sources and the scale of towns. Then, the beneficial and negative effects of water on traffic are expounded, and the change of natural environment is discussed from the point of geographical names. The fifth part: the deterioration of water environment in Hexi and people's countermeasures. In this part, the causes of the deterioration of water environment are discussed, and the behavior and response of urban residents under the condition of water environment deterioration are studied. Finally, the prevention and countermeasures of water disasters are explained. By summing up the full text, we can draw the following conclusions: the allocation of water resources in the Hexi Corridor during the Ming and Qing dynasties was superior to that at present. This superiority is not manifested in the total amount, but in the demand for water at that time is much smaller than today. Water use is mainly concentrated on farmland irrigation and urban residents' living water, among which farmland irrigation takes up a large amount of water. Water sources not only have an important influence on the distribution, development and scale of towns, but also reflect the change of natural environment by the way of place names. With the deterioration of the water environment, people have recognized the problem and taken a series of remedial measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：P942;K248;K249
本文編號(hào)：2148281
[Abstract]:The study of the interaction between man and nature during the historical period is one of the main contents of historical geography, and is also an important way for us to understand the adverse effects of human transformation and utilization of nature and the environment on the development of human society. Water is the most closely related factor in the natural geographical environment, and the lack of water resources in cities and towns has become a worldwide problem, so the study of the relationship between water and towns has been paid more and more attention. The Hexi Corridor is located in the inland northwest of China and belongs to the arid and semi-arid region in natural regionalization. From the history of human development, it is also located in the alternate belt of agriculture and animal husbandry in China. This paper selects this area as the research object, and applies the theory and method of historical geography to study the influence of water on the distribution position, development history and scale of cities and towns during the historical period, as well as the adaptation of urban residents to the change of water environment. It has certain typicality and representative meaning. Through the comparison with other regions, we hope to provide reference for the urban development road under the restriction of water resources. To sum up, this article is divided into the following parts: the first part: introduction. This paper mainly describes the basis and significance of the topic, introduces the relevant research, research content and methods. The second part: the water sources of western cities and towns in Ming and Qing dynasties. This part has carried on the overall restoration to the water resources condition of this area during the Ming and Qing dynasties, has carried on the inspection to the river, the lake, the spring and the well water and so on surface groundwater resources situation, has laid the solid foundation for understanding the urban resident's water use problem. The third part: the discussion of the structure of urban water use. In this part, the way of using water in cities and towns is discussed. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the urban water use in the Hexi Corridor mainly included the urban residents' domestic water, the urban defense water, the urban leisure water, the farmland irrigation water and the people's direct use of the water power and so on. The fourth part: the influence of water on the town. Firstly, taking Shiyang River Basin as an example, the paper expounds the influence and restriction of water on urban distribution, and then discusses the great significance of the change of water source to the development of cities and towns, and discusses the relationship between water sources and the scale of towns. Then, the beneficial and negative effects of water on traffic are expounded, and the change of natural environment is discussed from the point of geographical names. The fifth part: the deterioration of water environment in Hexi and people's countermeasures. In this part, the causes of the deterioration of water environment are discussed, and the behavior and response of urban residents under the condition of water environment deterioration are studied. Finally, the prevention and countermeasures of water disasters are explained. By summing up the full text, we can draw the following conclusions: the allocation of water resources in the Hexi Corridor during the Ming and Qing dynasties was superior to that at present. This superiority is not manifested in the total amount, but in the demand for water at that time is much smaller than today. Water use is mainly concentrated on farmland irrigation and urban residents' living water, among which farmland irrigation takes up a large amount of water. Water sources not only have an important influence on the distribution, development and scale of towns, but also reflect the change of natural environment by the way of place names. With the deterioration of the water environment, people have recognized the problem and taken a series of remedial measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：P942;K248;K249
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