明清民間宗教思想研究
[Abstract]:With the continuous development and progress of society, human understanding of religion has become more and more deepened. In the study of religion, people are paying more attention to "institutional religions" (such as Buddhism and Taoism), while those "non institutional" folk religions are becoming more and more popular. For a variety of reasons, the religion in the field of folk religion is a religion. The study of thought obviously lagged behind the study of the evolution of religious sects; and in the study of religious thought, the study of its spirit (learning) thought has not been fully paid attention to, but few people ask for it. In view of the period of high incidence and prosperity of the folk religions in the Chinese society during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this article tries to try from the angle of modern religion. In the light of the main classics of the various religious sects of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the main scriptures of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Bao scroll and other related materials, are carefully interpreted and carefully analyzed, and the four parts of the spirit pedigree, myth theory, redemption concept and ethical thought are carried out in turn, and the formation, development and development of the religious thought of the folk religions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are studied and investigated. The historical track of the change has made a new religious exploration in the religious spirit of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and put forward the following important points:
First, the gods of the folk religions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, through the integration of means, reformed and utilized the gods of various religions (mainly Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism), established a huge and inclusive divine pedigree to achieve the ultimate goal of "the unification of the thousands of Religions", and the ultimate goal of the Datong, a harmonious and equal "Pantheon", which foreshadowed the strict level of the real world. The disgust and negation of the bureaucratic regime also provided a safe and warm spiritual home and home to the masses in order to attract more people to teach. The establishment of the belief system of the gods not only enhanced the affirmation and recognition of the blessing ability of the gods and Buddhas, but also stimulated the faith and self-discipline of the believers. The existence and supervision of Buddhas have increased the deterrence and moral binding force of the vast majority of the believers, setting up the religious and moral judgment institutions and their criteria for each believer's behavior and deeds.
Second, the myth thought of "the old mother without birth" as the supreme creator God clearly embodies the religious ideas and times features of the folk religions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which contains all the religious ideas and the characteristics of the times. Therefore, this myth has a wide and far-reaching influence in the Chinese Society; at the same time, the "Godmaster God" of many religious sects of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The myth of "transformation" is not only the confusing of the religious consciousness of strengthening the sect's sanctity, but also the decline of the political "subconscious", which seeks the space of social existence and power to share and the tension between the power system and the regime. The creation myth and the establishment of the mythology of the religious creator only provide the theoretical premise for the thought and behavior of the salvation. On the basis of the religious basis of putting it into reality, the implementation of this kind of thought and behavior has a reliable guarantee. From mythology to "deification", it shows the gradual maturity and completion of the religious ideology of the folk religions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the great increase of the rational components in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is also the increasing level of the religious consciousness of the various sects of the folk religions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. A marked sign.
Third, the salvation (World) thought of the folk religions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the "salvation" theory characterized by the mutual connection and mutual unity of self salvation and salvation, the degree of human being and the degree of God, especially the "law ship" and "the meeting" as the "tool" for the salvation of the world. The "subconscious" in the kind of mind was fully stimulated in the face of the advent of the social crisis and the suffering of the reality. It was put into action by the "Redemption" concept accepted and circulated by many folk religious sects, which showed the distinctive ideological features and strong sense of the "salvation" concept of the folk religions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the religious salvation movement, the double meaning of "individual" and "the people" in the religious salvation movement overthrew Webb's argument that Chinese religion was characterized by "absence of prophecy", and the prophecy prophecy was the core of the religious movement, and it was in Ming Qingmin. The four important roles played by religious religious salvation movement have corrected the wrong understanding of "the idea that China has not developed redemption, especially the concept of all redemption", and also confirmed that Yang Qing X's religious sect of China (including the various sects of the folk religions of Ming and Qing Dynasties) "has been converted to personal salvation through conversion, and has been adopted. The idea of salvation through universal salvation.
Fourth, in the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in the face of the traditional thought formed by the "three religions one", in addition to the influence of Confucian loyalty and filial piety ethics, the thought of reward in his loyalty and filial ethics came from the view of the Buddhism, and on the basis of inheriting the thought of the Buddhist grace. For example, the "four returns to grace" were developed as "the" "four". At the same time, the first place was put in the secondary status of the "world" and the "Royal", reflecting the distinctive times characteristics of the ethics of loyalty and filial piety of the folk religions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the founding of the Supreme Master God "the old mother without birth" to the worship of many female gods, it reflected the "rebirth" of the folk religions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Tao (family). The inheritance and development of traditional ethics. At the same time, the emergence of many female teachers and women, especially their special care for women's physical pain, and the redemption of high spirits to the real world, shows the innovation and Transcendence of the folk religious ethics.
【學位授予單位】:陜西師范大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:B929
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