唐代鹽業(yè)地理
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-22 17:09
【摘要】： 本文從地理空間的角度對唐代鹽業(yè)重新進行定位思考。研究內容主要包括鹽產格局、行銷范圍、鹽業(yè)政策的區(qū)域差異及管理機構布局等地理問題。 本文首先對唐代主要鹽產地進行了詳細的考證。與前人的研究不同,本文考證的特色是將各產地唐代以前的鹽產沿革一一列出,使讀者清晰該產地的歷史發(fā)展脈絡。其次,本文還修訂了一些前人錯誤的說法,補充了前人遺漏的鹽產地點,對于有爭論的說法,也表述了自己的觀點。特別是利用州縣沿革的考訂,明確了不同史料中不同州縣名下的鹽產地實為一處的情況多起。 根據考證的成果,本文分析了唐代鹽產格局。探討自漢至唐、以及唐代內部鹽產格局的演變,并根據池鹽、海鹽、井鹽各自的生產和消費特點,分別從自然環(huán)境、軍事經略、交通格局、區(qū)域發(fā)展等角度尋求鹽產格局變化的原因。文章在此處就三個問題做了創(chuàng)新性闡述,它們包括:一,根據自然地理評價指標論述內陸池鹽產鹽方式的時空差異問題;二,總結出海鹽產地區(qū)位選擇的歷史演變規(guī)律;三,就唐末史料中出現眾多井鹽產地記錄的情況,本文經過論證發(fā)現,它們中的大多數并非唐代中后期才出現,而很有可能在唐初就已有鹽業(yè)生產。文章還分析了安史之亂以后中央政府和地方藩鎮(zhèn)對各地鹽產資源的掌控狀況。 針對唐代食鹽銷界的問題,本文進行了空間層面的論證。首先借助現存史料恢復了唐代各行鹽銷區(qū)邊界。其次從產需的角度分析了這種界分是否合理,論證分為三步,此為前人研究所無:第一步是估測各地鹽產水平,針對唐代各區(qū)域鹽產數據不全的特征,借助鹽利換算鹽產、相近地區(qū)鹽產數據的橫向對比以及同一地區(qū)宋代鹽產數據的縱向回歸等三種方法,估算出唐中后期各銷區(qū)內部鹽產總量,其中,在以鹽利換算鹽產的過程中,還重點考慮到了唐代虛實估對計算結果的影響;第二步借助現有史料中的太平興國戶數,經過一定的數據處理后,對唐代中后期各地的食鹽需求做出大致判斷;第三步根據上面兩組數據,計算出各銷區(qū)戶均鹽產占有量的區(qū)位熵,結合熵值判斷史料所描述的行鹽界分的合理性,銷界變更的動力以及越界銷售的原因。之后,本文還建立了另外三種模式論述越界銷售問題,分別是邊境成本勢差模式、邊境強勢市場模式、市場傳遞模式。憑借現有的唐代交通地理研究成果,本文還對支撐銷界的交通路線進行了介紹。 本文最后重點論述唐代鹽業(yè)政策的區(qū)域差異和管理機構的地理布局問題。在唐代前期鹽利“與眾共之”的大背景下分析各地鹽業(yè)政策的差別,提出了池鹽、井鹽、海鹽、北方鹽屯各自的生產管理特點和稅收政策。分析專賣法實行后各地專賣機構設置的差異以及布局特征。由于地方專賣機構職能、布局與中央財政政策息息相關,本節(jié)突出以中央財政體系轉變?yōu)橹骶€展開論述。特別提出從建中年間到唐末巡院空間格局的變化主要原因在于其職能的演變,其中鹽鐵巡院和度支巡院又有不同。
[Abstract]:This paper replaces the salt industry in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of geographical space. The main contents include the salt production pattern, the marketing range, the regional differences in the salt policy and the layout of the management organization.
This paper first makes a detailed examination of the main salt producing areas of the Tang Dynasty. Different from previous studies, the textual textual feature is to list the origin of salt production before the Tang Dynasty, and make readers clear the historical development of the origin. Secondly, this paper also revised some previous misstatements, supplemented the site of salt production that had been omitted by the predecessors. As for the arguments that have been disputed, it has also expressed his own views. In particular, it is clear that the salt producing areas under the names of different states and counties in different historical materials are more than one in different historical data.
According to the results of the textual research, this paper analyzes the salt production pattern in the Tang Dynasty, and discusses the evolution of the salt production pattern from Han to Tang Dynasties and the internal salt production in the Tang Dynasty. According to the characteristics of the production and consumption of the salt, sea salt and well salt, the reasons for the change of salt production pattern are found from the natural environment, military strategy, traffic pattern and regional development. The article is here three An innovative exposition is made, which include: first, the spatial and temporal differences in salt production methods of inland pool salt are discussed according to the index of natural geography evaluation; two, the historical evolution law of regional selection of sea salt production is summed up; and three, there are numerous records of well salt production records in the historical materials at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the majority of them have been found to have found the majority of them. It was not in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, but it was likely to have salt production in the early Tang Dynasty. The article also analyzed the state of control of the salt production resources by the central government and the local government after the rebellion in the early Tang Dynasty.
In view of the problem of the Salt marketing boundary of the Tang Dynasty, this paper has carried out the demonstration of the spatial level. First, the boundary of salt sales areas in the Tang Dynasty is restored with the help of the existing historical materials. Secondly, the rationality of this boundary is analyzed from the angle of production and demand, and the argument is divided into three steps. This is not the previous study: the first step is to estimate the salt production level in various regions and to deal with the salt production in the Tang Dynasty. With the characteristics of incomplete data, three methods are used to estimate the total amount of salt production in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, with the help of salt production, the horizontal comparison of salt production data in the same area and the vertical regression of the salt production data in the same area. In the process of salt conversion, the calculation results are also considered. The second step is to make a general judgment on the demand for salt in all parts of the middle and late Tang Dynasty with the help of the number of Taiping Xingguo's accounts in the existing historical data, and the third step, according to the above two sets of data, to calculate the location entropy of the share of salt production in each area, and to judge the reasonableness of the salt boundary division described by the historical data in combination with the entropy. The driving force of the change of the marketing boundary and the cause of the transboundary sales. After that, the article also sets up three other modes to discuss the problem of cross border sales, which are the pattern of the border cost potential difference, the strong border market model, the market transfer mode, and the existing transportation geography research results of the Tang Dynasty.
At the end of this paper, the regional differences of salt policy in the Tang Dynasty and the geographical distribution of the management institutions are emphatically discussed. In the background of the salt profit "and the public" in the early period of the Tang Dynasty, the differences in salt policy are analyzed, and the production management characteristics and tax policies of the salt, well salt, sea salt and Northern salt are put forward. The differences and layout features of the monopolization institutions are closely related to the functions of the local monopoly institutions and the central financial policy. This section focuses on the transformation of the central financial system into the main line. The main reasons for the change of the spatial pattern from Jianzhong to the end of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty are the evolution of its functions, including the salt and iron patrol yard and the development of its function. The degree branch patrol hospital is different again.
【學位授予單位】：北京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K242
本文編號：2138169
[Abstract]:This paper replaces the salt industry in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of geographical space. The main contents include the salt production pattern, the marketing range, the regional differences in the salt policy and the layout of the management organization.
This paper first makes a detailed examination of the main salt producing areas of the Tang Dynasty. Different from previous studies, the textual textual feature is to list the origin of salt production before the Tang Dynasty, and make readers clear the historical development of the origin. Secondly, this paper also revised some previous misstatements, supplemented the site of salt production that had been omitted by the predecessors. As for the arguments that have been disputed, it has also expressed his own views. In particular, it is clear that the salt producing areas under the names of different states and counties in different historical materials are more than one in different historical data.
According to the results of the textual research, this paper analyzes the salt production pattern in the Tang Dynasty, and discusses the evolution of the salt production pattern from Han to Tang Dynasties and the internal salt production in the Tang Dynasty. According to the characteristics of the production and consumption of the salt, sea salt and well salt, the reasons for the change of salt production pattern are found from the natural environment, military strategy, traffic pattern and regional development. The article is here three An innovative exposition is made, which include: first, the spatial and temporal differences in salt production methods of inland pool salt are discussed according to the index of natural geography evaluation; two, the historical evolution law of regional selection of sea salt production is summed up; and three, there are numerous records of well salt production records in the historical materials at the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the majority of them have been found to have found the majority of them. It was not in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, but it was likely to have salt production in the early Tang Dynasty. The article also analyzed the state of control of the salt production resources by the central government and the local government after the rebellion in the early Tang Dynasty.
In view of the problem of the Salt marketing boundary of the Tang Dynasty, this paper has carried out the demonstration of the spatial level. First, the boundary of salt sales areas in the Tang Dynasty is restored with the help of the existing historical materials. Secondly, the rationality of this boundary is analyzed from the angle of production and demand, and the argument is divided into three steps. This is not the previous study: the first step is to estimate the salt production level in various regions and to deal with the salt production in the Tang Dynasty. With the characteristics of incomplete data, three methods are used to estimate the total amount of salt production in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, with the help of salt production, the horizontal comparison of salt production data in the same area and the vertical regression of the salt production data in the same area. In the process of salt conversion, the calculation results are also considered. The second step is to make a general judgment on the demand for salt in all parts of the middle and late Tang Dynasty with the help of the number of Taiping Xingguo's accounts in the existing historical data, and the third step, according to the above two sets of data, to calculate the location entropy of the share of salt production in each area, and to judge the reasonableness of the salt boundary division described by the historical data in combination with the entropy. The driving force of the change of the marketing boundary and the cause of the transboundary sales. After that, the article also sets up three other modes to discuss the problem of cross border sales, which are the pattern of the border cost potential difference, the strong border market model, the market transfer mode, and the existing transportation geography research results of the Tang Dynasty.
At the end of this paper, the regional differences of salt policy in the Tang Dynasty and the geographical distribution of the management institutions are emphatically discussed. In the background of the salt profit "and the public" in the early period of the Tang Dynasty, the differences in salt policy are analyzed, and the production management characteristics and tax policies of the salt, well salt, sea salt and Northern salt are put forward. The differences and layout features of the monopolization institutions are closely related to the functions of the local monopoly institutions and the central financial policy. This section focuses on the transformation of the central financial system into the main line. The main reasons for the change of the spatial pattern from Jianzhong to the end of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty are the evolution of its functions, including the salt and iron patrol yard and the development of its function. The degree branch patrol hospital is different again.
【學位授予單位】：北京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K242
【引證文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前3條
1 馬洪遠;內蒙古食鹽產地分布和變遷研究[D];湘潭大學;2011年
2 任記國;唐代浙江西道研究[D];浙江大學;2009年
3 孫海亮;中晚唐至五代時期鹽價問題研究[D];黑龍江大學;2012年
，本文編號：2138169
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