本文選題：清代 + 新疆��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：新疆地處我國西北邊陲,自古以來就是一個多民族聚居區(qū)。特殊的地理位置和民族構(gòu)成決定了新疆民族關(guān)系的重要性。新疆民族關(guān)系的好壞與否直接關(guān)系到國家的安全與社會的長治久安。清代作為我國統(tǒng)一多民族大家庭最終形成的一個重要歷史階段,通過對這一時期新疆民族關(guān)系的系統(tǒng)研究,具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義和學(xué)術(shù)價值。 清朝初年,新疆各族人民處于準(zhǔn)噶爾汗國的統(tǒng)治下。準(zhǔn)噶爾貴族奉行“執(zhí)其酋,收其賦”的政策,在被征服地區(qū)推行繁重的苛捐雜稅,企圖將其變成汗國的物資供應(yīng)基地。繁重的稅賦,無數(shù)的雜稅和經(jīng)常的勒索壓得新疆各族人民喘不氣過來,從而激化了民族矛盾,加劇了新疆地區(qū)的動亂。盡管這一時期,準(zhǔn)噶爾統(tǒng)治者禁止新疆各族人民與內(nèi)地間私下存在經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易聯(lián)系。但新疆各族人民與內(nèi)地之間的交流仍沒有中斷,主要是通過準(zhǔn)噶爾汗國對內(nèi)地所派遣的大量貿(mào)易使團和商隊進(jìn)行的。 乾嘉年間,清政府完成了對天山南北的統(tǒng)一,結(jié)束了新疆長達(dá)數(shù)百年的政局動蕩、戰(zhàn)亂不斷的局面。為加強對新疆諸族的統(tǒng)治,清政府因地制宜實施了一系列行之有效的民族政策,拉近了清朝與新疆諸族之間的關(guān)系。同時,這一時期新疆各民族之間的經(jīng)濟交流亦得到進(jìn)一步加強,各民族之間文化的相互影響和互相滲透更為普遍,新疆的民族關(guān)系達(dá)到了歷史上的最好時期。 道咸同時期,清朝吏治日益腐敗,財政緊缺。清朝在新疆的地方官員與當(dāng)?shù)夭讼喙唇Y(jié),更加重了對新疆各族人民的剝削,致使新疆地區(qū)民族矛盾激化,民族關(guān)系緊張,農(nóng)民起義斗爭此起彼伏。與此同時,浩罕、英國、俄國等境外勢力對新疆虎視眈眈,并不斷派遣人員滲入新疆進(jìn)行分裂活動。帝國主義的侵略,使得新疆各民族都面臨著被殖民、奴役的命運。在反帝反封建的斗爭中,新疆各族人民的中華民族多元一體觀念和國家觀念得到進(jìn)一步升華,形成了共同進(jìn)行反帝反封建斗爭的歷史潮流。 建省后,清朝在各族人民的協(xié)助下重新收復(fù)新疆。為鞏固在新疆的統(tǒng)治,清政府在新疆政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟和文化等方面進(jìn)行一系列的改革,使得道咸同時期新疆地區(qū)一度惡化的民族關(guān)系在一定程度得到緩解和恢復(fù)。不僅徹底打破了清朝在新疆長期推行的民族隔離政策,開創(chuàng)了新疆各族人口流遷的新格局,新疆近現(xiàn)代多元民族分布格局得以正式形成,而且新疆各民族間經(jīng)濟、文化的交流進(jìn)一步深入,新疆地方與祖國內(nèi)地的聯(lián)系更為密切。尤其是“新政”期間,新疆民族關(guān)系朝著多元化的方向發(fā)展。不僅延續(xù)和進(jìn)一步加深了有清以來新疆各族人民與內(nèi)地之間的經(jīng)濟文化交流。新疆各族人民同仇敵愾,共同反抗外來侵略的斗爭仍在繼續(xù)。同時,隨著帝國主義侵略的加劇及在晚清“新政”期間各種新式學(xué)堂的開辦及派遣留學(xué)生出國留學(xué),“泛伊斯蘭主義”和“泛突厥主義”開始傳入新疆。它們被新疆個別少數(shù)民族上層所利用,披著宗教和民族主義的外衣,煽動民族矛盾,人為破壞新疆各族人民的關(guān)系,增加了近現(xiàn)代新疆民族關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性。 總之,清代新疆民族關(guān)系的發(fā)展都是圍繞著準(zhǔn)噶爾汗國、清朝與新疆各民族、新疆各民族之間的關(guān)系而展開,并貫穿著清代新疆民族關(guān)系發(fā)展的始終。近代以后,隨著帝國主義侵略的加深,新疆各族人民反帝反封建斗爭的一致性,又構(gòu)成了近代新疆乃至中國民族關(guān)系發(fā)展的另一特點。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is located in the border area of northwest China , it is a multi - ethnic settlement area since ancient times . The special geographical position and ethnic composition determine the importance of ethnic relations in Xinjiang . The relationship between ethnic groups in Xinjiang is directly related to the long - term stability of the country ' s security and society .


In the early years of the Qing Dynasty , the people of Xinjiang were under the rule of the Khan state of Junggar . The noble lords of Junggar pursued the policy of " holding the United Arab Emirates and collecting their Fu " , and tried to transform them into the capital supply base of the country . In spite of this period , the rulers of the Junggar Autonomous Region prohibit the existence of economic and trade links between the people of Xinjiang and the Mainland . However , the exchange between the people of Xinjiang and the Mainland has not been interrupted , mainly through the large number of trade missions and commercial teams dispatched by the Junggar han State to the Mainland .


During the period of Qian - chia , the Qing government has completed the unification of the north and south of Tianshan Mountains and ended the situation of political instability and chaos in Xinjiang for hundreds of years . In order to strengthen the rule of Xinjiang ' s ethnic groups , the Qing government has implemented a series of effective national policies in order to strengthen the relations between the Qing Dynasty and the ethnic groups in Xinjiang . At the same time , the economic exchanges between the ethnic groups in Xinjiang have been further strengthened . At the same time , the mutual influence and infiltration of the cultures among the peoples are more common , and the ethnic relations in Xinjiang have reached the best time in history .


In the struggle against imperialism and feudalism , the people of Xinjiang have been confronted with the destiny of colonization and slavery . In the struggle of anti - imperialist and anti - feudalism , the Chinese nation ' s multi - integration concept and national concept are further sublimated , and the historical trend of common anti - imperialist and anti - feudal struggle has been formed .


In order to consolidate the rule of Xinjiang , the Qing government has made a series of reforms in Xinjiang ' s political , military , economic and cultural fields .


In short , the development of ethnic relations in Xinjiang is based on the relations between the Han countries of Junggar and the ethnic groups in Xinjiang and the ethnic groups in Xinjiang . After the modern times , with the deepening of the imperialist aggression , the anti - imperialist and anti - feudal struggle of the people of Xinjiang and the other features of the development of the ethnic relations in Xinjiang and even the Chinese .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K249

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王智萍;;清代道咸同年間新疆民族關(guān)系研究[J];黑龍江史志;2014年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 姚煥錄;《新疆圖志》中的國家認(rèn)同研究[D];石河子大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2114274