發(fā)布時間：2018-06-27 09:16

  本文選題：清初 + 福建��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 順治三年,清軍入閩,武力推行“剃發(fā)”、“易服”等民族壓迫政策,在福建激起了大范圍的抗清斗爭。康熙十三年,靖南王耿精忠發(fā)動叛亂,福建再次陷入動蕩之中。此外,鄭氏集團與清廷在福建沿海地區(qū)長期對抗,至康熙二十二年才投降歸順。其間,福建社會秩序混亂,軍隊擾民嚴重,生產(chǎn)遭到嚴重破壞,致使民生凋敝,百姓困苦不堪。尤其是遷界禁海政策使得沿海百姓盡失故業(yè),流離失所。 為了穩(wěn)定福建社會,恢復(fù)民生,從根本上鞏固統(tǒng)治,清廷采取了一系列治理措施,如整治軍紀(jì)、減免賦稅、招徠離散百姓恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)、寬免“從逆”平民、穩(wěn)定米價、賑濟災(zāi)民、開海展界等。其中,對軍隊擾民的整治,有效地調(diào)節(jié)了“軍民關(guān)系”,安撫了百姓;對賦稅的減免直接惠及了百姓,對災(zāi)亂之后生產(chǎn)的恢復(fù)起到了積極作用;開海展界,使得沿海百姓返回故里,重操舊業(yè),恢復(fù)了生產(chǎn)�？傊�,這些措施對福建民生的恢復(fù)起到了積極有效的作用。 為了穩(wěn)定福建政局,加強統(tǒng)治,清廷對政務(wù)、軍務(wù)進行了積極有效的治理。其中包括加強文武官員的選任、嚴明文武官員的賞罰、選派部院官員赴閩督辦地方事務(wù)、加強福建文武官員協(xié)調(diào)等。在官員選任上,清廷重真才實干,大量選用漢軍旗人充任總督、巡撫等重要職位。在官員獎懲上,嚴明賞罰,同時不失靈活。督辦軍需錢糧、開海展界、招降鄭氏集團,安插投誠人員等諸多事務(wù),清廷均派部院官員赴閩督辦,保證了清王朝政策的貫徹實施。針對文武官員多有不和的現(xiàn)象,清廷及時干預(yù)與協(xié)調(diào)。總之,清廷對政務(wù)、軍務(wù)進行了積極有效的治理,加強了對福建的統(tǒng)治。
[Abstract]:In Shunzhi three years, the Qing army moved into Fujian and carried out the policies of "shaving hair" and "changing clothes" by force, which aroused a wide range of struggle against the Qing Dynasty in Fujian. Kangxi 13 years, Jingnan King Geng Jingzhong launched a rebellion, Fujian again into turmoil. In addition, the Zhengshi Group and the Qing Dynasty in Fujian coastal areas long-standing confrontation, until the Kangxi 22-year surrender. Meanwhile, the social order in Fujian was chaotic, the army disturbed the people seriously, the production was seriously destroyed, the people's livelihood was ruined and the people were suffering. In particular, the policy of moving the border and banning sea caused the coastal people to lose their lives and to be displaced. In order to stabilize Fujian society, restore people's livelihood, and fundamentally consolidate the rule, the Qing government adopted a series of measures of governance, such as renovating military discipline, reducing taxes, soliciting the dispersed people to resume production, relieving the "converse" civilians, stabilizing the price of rice, and providing relief to the victims. Open the sea, etc. Among them, the rectification of the army disturbing the people has effectively adjusted the "military-civilian relationship" and appeased the common people; the tax relief has directly benefited the common people and played a positive role in the recovery of production after the disaster. The coastal people returned to their hometown, resumed their old business and resumed production. In short, these measures have played a positive and effective role in the restoration of Fujian people's livelihood. In order to stabilize Fujian's political situation and strengthen its rule, the Qing government administered government affairs and military affairs positively and effectively. These include strengthening the selection of civil and military officials, the rewards and punishments of Yan Ming's civil and military officials, sending ministry and department officials to Fujian to supervise local affairs, and strengthening the coordination of Fujian civil and military officials. In the election of officials, the Qing government to the real talent, a large number of Han army flag to serve as governor, governor and other important positions. In the official reward and punishment, strict reward and punishment, at the same time do not lose flexibility. The Qing government sent officials to Fujian to supervise the work, which ensured the implementation of the Qing Dynasty policy. In view of the civil and military officials more than the phenomenon of discord, the Qing government timely intervention and coordination. In short, the Qing government to government affairs, military affairs for active and effective governance, strengthened the rule of Fujian.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K249

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