本文選題：東漢 + 三國　； 參考：《南開大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：早在先秦時(shí)期,政治文化的“彌散性”與“典范性”就已然形成�！皬浬⑿浴北憩F(xiàn)為政治在社會(huì)生活領(lǐng)域里無孔不入,從而影響著人們的行為方式和生活模式,于是社會(huì)風(fēng)俗就不僅僅是依據(jù)民眾的生產(chǎn)生活需要而自發(fā)產(chǎn)生,而是在一定程度上伴隨政治意識(shí)形態(tài)的走向而發(fā)生著變化�！暗浞缎浴眲t表現(xiàn)為對(duì)政治范例的尊重,既強(qiáng)調(diào)前世對(duì)后世的垂范性,又重視上層對(duì)下層的示范性。這兩種政治文化特性使得“風(fēng)俗”被賦予了如下政治內(nèi)涵：風(fēng)俗關(guān)聯(lián)到政權(quán)的興亡；風(fēng)俗是衡量政治的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；風(fēng)俗是治國理政的內(nèi)容；風(fēng)俗與法制相輔相成。自先秦以來,風(fēng)俗被納入到政治范疇內(nèi)予以觀察、記錄、評(píng)判和改造,由此而形成了“議政論俗”的文化傳統(tǒng),該傳統(tǒng)在中國古代社會(huì)一直延續(xù)。 在東漢至西晉這段歷史時(shí)期,人們普遍關(guān)切社會(huì)風(fēng)俗問題,由此也形成了關(guān)于風(fēng)俗問題的種種論述。漢晉間風(fēng)俗觀念的主題是批判時(shí)俗與移風(fēng)易俗,執(zhí)政者的作風(fēng)問題成為普遍關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),儉約之風(fēng)與務(wù)實(shí)之風(fēng)成為許多人的期待。在漢晉間社會(huì)生活中,政治在日常生活風(fēng)俗中發(fā)揮了不小的作用,影響到日常生活的飲食、服飾、婚姻、喪葬等層面。政治對(duì)社會(huì)風(fēng)俗的塑造作用主要通過“上層示范”、“道德教化”和“律令規(guī)整”三個(gè)路徑來進(jìn)行。上層示范主要體現(xiàn)為“君主示范”與“士人示范”,道德教化主要通過“學(xué)校教育”和“循吏宣化”來實(shí)現(xiàn),律令規(guī)整則屬于非常手段。 社會(huì)風(fēng)俗對(duì)政治具有反饋?zhàn)饔?風(fēng)俗使及其他一些官吏在上層政治與社會(huì)風(fēng)俗之間搭起了溝通的橋梁。在漢晉間的政治生活中,官員的舉薦、彈劾與獎(jiǎng)懲往往涉及風(fēng)俗問題,皇權(quán)的波動(dòng)、世族的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況與風(fēng)俗的變遷具有一定的關(guān)聯(lián)性,人物性格因素對(duì)風(fēng)俗觀念也具有一定的影響作用。 從漢晉間風(fēng)俗觀念與政治實(shí)踐的互動(dòng)現(xiàn)象中,至少可以得到這樣的啟示：政治腐敗是擾亂社會(huì)風(fēng)俗的根源；整飭風(fēng)俗應(yīng)先從社會(huì)上層做起；社會(huì)風(fēng)俗需要信仰作為支撐。
[Abstract]:As early as the pre-Qin period, the "dispersion" and "exemplary" of political culture had already formed. "diffusivity" is manifested in the pervasive nature of politics in the field of social life, which affects the way people behave and the way they live, so social customs do not just come into being spontaneously according to the needs of people's production and life. To some extent, it is changing with the trend of political ideology. "Paradigm" shows respect for the political paradigm, emphasizing the downcast character of the later generations and the demonstration of the upper level to the lower level. These two political and cultural characteristics make "custom" to be endowed with the following political connotations: custom is related to the rise and fall of political power; custom is the standard to measure politics; custom is the content of governing and managing politics; custom and legal system complement each other. Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, customs have been incorporated into the political category to be observed, recorded, judged and reformed, thus forming the cultural tradition of "discussing politics and vulgarity", which has been continued in ancient Chinese society. During the historical period from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty, people were generally concerned about the social customs. The theme of custom in Han and Jin dynasties was to criticize the custom and change the customs. The style of government became the focus of attention, and the style of frugality and pragmatism became the expectation of many people. In the social life of Han and Jin dynasties, politics played an important role in daily life, which affected the diet, dress, marriage, funeral and so on. The role of politics in shaping social customs is mainly carried out through three ways: "upper demonstration", "moral enlightenment" and "law regularity". The upper demonstration is mainly embodied in the "monarch demonstration" and "scholar demonstration", the moral education is mainly realized through "school education" and "official propaganda", and the rules and regulations belong to the extraordinary means. Social customs have a feedback effect on politics, and customs and other officials build a bridge between upper politics and social customs. In the political life of the Han and Jin dynasties, the recommendation, impeachment, reward and punishment of officials often involve customs, the fluctuation of imperial power, the economic situation of the family and the changes of customs. The character factor also has the certain influence to the custom idea. From the interaction between customs and political practice in Han and Jin dynasties, we can get at least such revelations: political corruption is the root of disturbing social customs; rectifying customs should start from the upper level of society; social customs need faith as the support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D691;K235;K234.2

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