本文選題：嘉萬時期 + 書畫消費�。� 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：奢侈消費和文化消費的勃興是社會經(jīng)濟繁榮的外在體現(xiàn)之一。奢侈消費是消費閑暇與財富,文化消費是消費閑暇與知識。書畫既可以體現(xiàn)休閑與夸示,又能彰顯知識,是兼具兩種消費特征的商品之一。嘉萬時期既是明代經(jīng)濟的空前繁榮期,又是書畫消費的一個高峰期。 以《清明上河圖》的消費個案為筏,本文對個案中凸顯的問題逐一進行了分析。 世風(fēng)指一定時期內(nèi),人們思想觀念和生活行為的普遍傾向。嘉萬時期的世風(fēng)主要是奢靡之風(fēng)與長物之好,它們是社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的結(jié)果與反映,同時,又反作用于社會經(jīng)濟的方方面面。當(dāng)時書畫市場空前繁榮,世風(fēng)的影響不容小覷。奢靡之風(fēng)影響了消費觀念,培育出龐大的消費群體,而長物之好則制造了消費需求,成為書畫交易繁榮的直接原因。 對于奢侈品消費而言,不同的消費空間不僅意味著不同的消費層次,也會影響到消費的方式。在攤肆這種消費空間中,很少有大宗的書畫消費。對于消費者而言,他們更喜歡在自己的文房進行書畫消費。 在書畫市場上活躍著為數(shù)眾多的牙人。他們在買賣雙方間往還穿梭,說合交易,促成消費,并從中牟利。他們的職能還包括鑒定與定價。他們的收入通常是書畫交易額的十分之三。 書畫價格由作品創(chuàng)作年代的早晚、藝術(shù)價值的高低決定；受創(chuàng)作時間長短、尺幅大小或字數(shù)多少等因素影響�？傮w來看,繪畫價格比書法價格高,創(chuàng)作年代越早價格越高,交易年代越晚價格越高。 由于名家書畫供不應(yīng)求,不少文人也參與書畫作偽,以射重利。文人作偽提高了贗品的質(zhì)量,讓書畫藏家防不勝防。 藉借書畫消費,以士商為主體的有閑階層既可以彰顯清雅,又可以堂而皇之地夸示財富。他們“競尚利名”的行為通過書畫消費轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤案偵星逖拧薄?br/>[Abstract]:The prosperity of luxury consumption and cultural consumption is one of the external manifestations of social and economic prosperity. Luxury consumption is consumption leisure and wealth, cultural consumption is consumption leisure and knowledge. Calligraphy and painting can not only reflect leisure and praise, but also show knowledge, is one of the two consumption characteristics. Jiawan period is not only an unprecedented boom period of Ming Dynasty economy, but also a peak period of painting and calligraphy consumption. On the basis of the consumption case of Ching Ming River, this paper analyzes the problems in the case one by one. World style refers to the general tendency of people's ideas and behaviors in a certain period of time. The world style of Jiawan period is mainly extravagant wind and good things, they are the result and reflection of social economic development, at the same time, they counteract all aspects of social economy. At that time the calligraphy and painting market unprecedented prosperity, the influence of the world style can not be underestimated. Extravagance influences the concept of consumption and cultivates a large group of consumers, while the good of long things creates consumer demand and becomes the direct reason for the prosperity of calligraphy and painting trade. For luxury consumption, different consumption space not only means different levels of consumption, but also affects the way of consumption. In this kind of consumption space, there is very little large amount of painting and calligraphy consumption. For consumers, they prefer to spend painting and calligraphy in their own library. In the painting and calligraphy market, there are a large number of teeth active. They shuttled back and forth between buyers and sellers, talking about deals, promoting consumption, and making money from it. Their functions also include identification and pricing. Their income is usually 3/10 of the value of painting and calligraphy transactions. The price of calligraphy and painting is determined by the time of creation and the value of art, which is influenced by the time of creation, the size of ruler or the number of words. Generally speaking, the price of painting is higher than that of calligraphy, the earlier the creation, the higher the price. Owing to the shortage of famous calligraphy and painting, many literati also participated in painting and calligraphy. Literati forgery improved the quality of fakes, so that calligraphy and painting collectors can not prevent. Through the consumption of calligraphy and painting, the idle class with scholar and merchant as the main body can not only show elegance, but also glorify wealth. Their behavior of "competing for fame and interest" was transformed into "competition and elegance" through painting and calligraphy consumption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：J209.2;K248

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