本文選題：家庭收入 + 貴族官僚��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2002年碩士論文

【摘要】： 家庭是社會(huì)的細(xì)胞，家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分，它對(duì)社會(huì)的治亂興衰、政權(quán)的穩(wěn)固與否皆有重大影響。研究中國(guó)封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)史，尤其是唐代社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展史，不應(yīng)忽略對(duì)其基本細(xì)胞——家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)的研究。 唐朝社會(huì)的家庭類型多種多樣，不一而足。不同的家庭背景、社會(huì)地位、居住環(huán)境、時(shí)代條件便構(gòu)成了唐代家庭收入形式的五彩繽紛，并影響到各家庭收入的多少。受史料的局限，筆者遴選唐代貴族官僚、商人、農(nóng)民三種地位不同的家庭作代表，擬從剖析唐代家庭收入這一切點(diǎn)入手，圍繞唐代家庭收入的變化趨勢(shì)；唐代家財(cái)管理；家庭收入對(duì)個(gè)人、國(guó)家的影響等諸方面，鉤稽出唐代家庭收入的輪廓，展現(xiàn)唐代家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀況，以期窺探唐代社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)律和政治變動(dòng)的原因。 一唐代家庭收入 (一)貴族官僚的家庭收入 1．貴族的家庭收入 貴族作為封建社會(huì)的特權(quán)階層，血統(tǒng)的高貴，特權(quán)的擁有，使貴族們具有穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源，其家庭收入頗為豐厚。李唐王朝由關(guān)隴貴族轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)，貴族觀念根深蒂固，在政府的保護(hù)下，通過(guò)嫁資收入、食封收入、商貿(mào)和高利貸收入，貴族的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)急劇膨脹。 2．家僚的家庭收入 封建社會(huì)的各級(jí)官僚是統(tǒng)治階級(jí)意志的執(zhí)行者，政治上的權(quán)勢(shì)必然要在經(jīng)濟(jì)上反映出來(lái)，唐代官員的家庭收入主要有官俸收入、地產(chǎn)收 入、經(jīng)商收入及其它灰色收入等。此外，唐代官員還因戰(zhàn)功顯赫、治 聲有嘉等均可受到皇帝的大量賞賜，且數(shù)量極大，在官員家庭收入中 占有重要地位。 （二）唐代商人的家庭收入 根據(jù)商人不同的社會(huì)地位，筆者將唐代商人劃分為一般商人、多元 商人、特權(quán)商人三類。 1．一般商人的家庭收入 所謂一般商人即通過(guò)賤買(mǎi)蔫貴而獲取收入的商人，或?yàn)槌鞘芯用裉?供萌業(yè)服務(wù)的1萄人。他們經(jīng)營(yíng)單一、受社會(huì)影響大，投入資金少，獲 利時(shí)問(wèn)快，是最常見(jiàn)的一種商業(yè)收入。主要包括飲食商、茶商、藥商、 租賃商、邪店商及在水陸要道經(jīng)營(yíng)的航運(yùn)商等。 2．多元商人的家庭收入 即實(shí)行多元經(jīng)營(yíng)，，收人方式多樣，其身份多元化的商人，他們的收 入比一般商人多，其經(jīng)營(yíng)者主要是一些城市作坊主。 3．特權(quán)商人的家庭收入 即在家庭收入中，同其它商人桿1比具有特殊身份，他們獲得政府在 －某些專賣(mài)品販賣(mài)權(quán)的商人。他們利用獲得的特權(quán)，損公肥己，屯積聚 奇，大獲其利，其收入更具有穩(wěn)定性和豐厚性。唐代特權(quán)商人即獲得 政府批準(zhǔn)的鹽、茶、酒等特別經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的人，還包括政府雇用的充當(dāng)“捉 餞令史”的商人。 （三）農(nóng)民的家庭收入 1．唐前期的農(nóng)民家庭收入 唐初，統(tǒng)治者懾于隋亡教訓(xùn)，政府大力推行均田制，因而農(nóng)業(yè)和副 業(yè)收入構(gòu)成了唐前期農(nóng)民收入的主要方式，一定程度上增加了農(nóng)民家 庭收入，改善了人民生活。 2．唐后期的農(nóng)民家庭收入 唐后期，隨著均田制的破壞，官僚、地主瘋狂兼并土地，廣大農(nóng)民 幾無(wú)可耕之田，只好淪為地主的佃戶遭到盤(pán)剝，家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)到崩潰的 邊緣。是時(shí)，大多農(nóng)民主要依靠家庭副業(yè)、進(jìn)城打工等方式勉強(qiáng)維持 也2 家庭生活，農(nóng)民起義一觸即發(fā)，唐政權(quán)發(fā)發(fā)可危。 二、唐代家庭收入管理 家庭收入的多種經(jīng)營(yíng)和管理活動(dòng)是家庭生活的重要組成部分，尤其 是家庭收入的管理，是維系家庭穩(wěn)定、促進(jìn)家庭成員和睦相處的關(guān)鍵， 一定程度上體現(xiàn)了男女在家庭中的地位。傳統(tǒng)封建社會(huì)的小農(nóng)家庭人 口少，收入寡，其家財(cái)管理單一而簡(jiǎn)潔，而家大業(yè)大的商人、貴族家 庭，其家財(cái)管理有以下特點(diǎn)： 第一，同居共財(cái)。即財(cái)產(chǎn)共有，同財(cái)共炊、同炊合食，各種家庭收 入一律歸公，作為家庭共用的財(cái)產(chǎn)。 第＿J，家長(zhǎng)專管。即家庭收入歸赤長(zhǎng)全權(quán)丈配、處挫，i“幡禁止于 女對(duì)家庭收入的支配權(quán)，否則即屬非法行為。 第三，均分原則。唐代家庭收入實(shí)行同居共財(cái)，人人有份，這客觀 上要求家庭在分配和消費(fèi)上實(shí)行平均主義，且常常被列為家規(guī)、家訓(xùn)， 同時(shí)也受到法律的確認(rèn)。 第四，女性在家庭收入中的地位。 唐代女性在家庭收入中享有掌管管鑰、處理陪嫁資財(cái)權(quán)、財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承 權(quán)等權(quán)力。這表明唐代婦女在家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)中具有相對(duì)獨(dú)立性。 三．唐代家庭收入的歷史影響
[Abstract]:Family is the cell of the society and the family economy is an important part of the social economy. It has great influence on the rise and fall of the society and the stability of the political power. The study of the history of China's feudal social economy, especially the history of the social economic development of the Tang Dynasty, should not be ignored.
The family types of the Tang Dynasty are varied and varied. Different family background, social status, living environment and time conditions constitute the colorful forms of family income in the Tang Dynasty, and affect the number of family income. By the limitations of historical materials, the author chooses three different families as Tang Daigui bureaucrats, merchants and farmers as generations. This paper, starting with the analysis of the family income in the Tang Dynasty, focuses on the change trend of the family income in the Tang Dynasty, the management of the family property in the Tang Dynasty, the influence of the family income on the individual and the state, and the outline of the family income in the Tang Dynasty, showing the running status of the family economy in the Tang Dynasty, in order to spy on the law of social economic development and the political change in the Tang Dynasty. The cause of movement.
Family income of the Tang Dynasty
(1) the family income of the aristocratic bureaucrats
Family income of 1. aristocrats
As the privileged class of the feudal society, the nobility of the lineage, the possession of the privileges, the aristocracy had a stable economic source and a rich family income. The Li Tang Dynasty was transformed by the Guan Long aristocrats, the nobility of the aristocracy was ingrained, and under the protection of the government, the aristocratic family, through the income of the growas, the income, the trade and the usurious income of the aristocracy, and the family of the aristocracy The economy has expanded sharply.
Family income of 2. staff
The bureaucrats at all levels in the feudal society are the executors of the will of the ruling class. The political power must be reflected in the economy. The family income of the officials in the Tang Dynasty is mainly paid by the official salary, and the real estate is collected.
In addition, the officials in the Tang Dynasty were also famous for their outstanding military achievements.
Sheng Jia and so on can be greatly rewarded by the emperor, and the number is enormous.
Occupy an important position.
(two) the family income of the merchants in the Tang Dynasty
According to the different social status of businessmen, the author divides the merchants in the Tang Dynasty into general merchants and pluralism.
The merchant, the three kind of privileged merchant.
1. family income of general merchants
A general businessman is a businessman who gains income by buying cheap and expensive, or for urban residents.
1 of the people who serve the industry. They operate in a single way. They are influenced by society.
It is the most common type of business income. It mainly includes catering operators, tea merchants and drugstores.
The leasing business, the evil store merchant and the shipping operator running on the main road and so on.
Family income of 2. pluralistic businessmen
That is to say, pluralistic management and diversified ways of businessmen receive their income.
More business people than ordinary businessmen. Their operators are mainly urban workmen.
The family income of 3. privileged merchants
That is to say, in family income, it has a special status with 1 other businessmen, and they get the government's status.
- some businessmen who sell the right to sell proprietary goods. They take advantage of the privileges they have gained to destroy the public and enrich themselves.
Surprisingly, it benefits greatly, and its income is more stable and rich.
The government approves salt, tea, liquor and other special operators, including the government employed as "catch".
A merchant of the history of preserves.
(three) family income of farmers
Farmers' income in the early period of the 1. Tang Dynasty
In the early Tang Dynasty, the rulers were awed by the lessons of the Sui Dynasty, and the government vigorously promoted the equalization of farmland.
Industry income constituted the main way of farmers' income in the early Tang Dynasty, and increased farmers' families to some extent.
The income of the court has improved the people's life.
The family income of the peasants in the late 2. Tang Dynasty
In the late Tang Dynasty, with the destruction of equal land system, bureaucrats and landlords were wildly merging land and peasants.
A few fields that could not be ploughed were reduced to landlords' tenants, and the family economy collapsed.
At that time, most of the peasants depended mainly on family sideline, and went to work in cities.
Also 2
Family life and peasant uprising are all at stake, and the Tang regime is in danger.
Two, the management of family income in the Tang Dynasty
The diversification and management of family income is an important part of family life.
It is the management of family income, the key to maintaining family stability and promoting family members to live in harmony.
To some extent, the status of men and women in the family is reflected.
Less money and less income, the management of family wealth is single and succinct.
The family property management has the following characteristics:
First, cohabitation is a common property, that is to say, property is shared.
It is the property that is shared by the family.
(J) parents are responsible for the management of family income, which means that family income is allocated to the whole family, and I is prohibited.
Women's control over family income is illegal.
Third, the principle of equal division. In the Tang Dynasty, family income was cohabiting and shared by everyone.
It is required that families should be egalitarianism in distribution and consumption, and are often classified as family rules and family precepts.
At the same time, it is also recognized by the law.
Fourth, the status of women in family income.
Women in the Tang Dynasty enjoyed the control of family income, the right to marry and the inheritance of property.
This shows that women in Tang Dynasty have relative independence in family economy.
Three. The historical influence of the family income in the Tang Dynasty

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號(hào)】：K242

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

中國(guó)碩士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前4條

1 夏繼軍;祭拜·教化·娛樂(lè)[D];南昌大學(xué);2007年

2 王蓓蓓;唐代果品業(yè)研究[D];西南大學(xué);2008年

3 孫海亮;中晚唐至五代時(shí)期鹽價(jià)問(wèn)題研究[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2012年

4 趙寬;唐代官員隱性收入問(wèn)題研究[D];四川師范大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：1895875