本文選題：科舉登第 + 選人改官�。� 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：歷來(lái),研究科舉,大多關(guān)注士人獲取功名的過(guò)程,視線也基本停留于士人登第為止,而對(duì)士人登第后的命運(yùn)則較少關(guān)注。文章則從微觀個(gè)案出發(fā),寬泛地考察作為下層官僚的普通選人改官覓求薦舉狀的難度和貧困,以及在改官之際選人所遭受的各層官吏盤剝。仕途蹇澀與官場(chǎng)污濁,由失敗、失意、失望而導(dǎo)致的絕望,讓不少士人對(duì)仕途產(chǎn)生淡漠與疏離。心態(tài)的變化帶來(lái)了行為變化,士人流向走向多元化。然而,在學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕的傳統(tǒng)流向以外,士人失意的一面一直被無(wú)意而深深地遮蔽。這種遮蔽給后世考察士人流向帶來(lái)很大困難。本文鉤玄索隱,從文獻(xiàn)中歸納出一些反映士人流向的個(gè)案。在這樣具體事實(shí)的分析基礎(chǔ)上,再由微觀到宏觀,從士人流向多元化,展示社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型之漸。并且放眼元代,從社會(huì)變化上尋求南宋與元代乃至明清的聯(lián)系,申說(shuō)作者近年來(lái)主張的宋元變革論。
[Abstract]:Traditionally, most of the studies on imperial examinations focused on the process of scholars' gaining fame, and their sight basically stayed in the first place, but less attention was paid to the fate of the scholars. From the micro case, the paper makes a broad study of the difficulty and poverty of the ordinary selection and reform officials as the lower level bureaucrats, and the exploitation of the officials at the time of the change of officials. The despair caused by failure, disappointment and disappointment made many scholars become indifferent and alienated from their official career. The change of mentality brought about the change of behavior and the trend of scholars towards diversification. However, apart from the traditional direction of learning and excellence, the frustrated side of the scholars has been unwittingly and deeply obscured. This kind of obscurity brings great difficulties to the later generations to investigate the flow of scholars. This paper sums up some cases reflecting the flow of scholars from the literature. On the basis of the analysis of such concrete facts, from micro to macro, from scholar to diversification, to show the gradual transformation of society. And looking at the Yuan Dynasty, from the social changes to seek the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty and even the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shen said that the author in recent years advocated the Song and Yuan dynasties change theory.
【作者單位】： 日本學(xué)習(xí)院大學(xué)東洋文化研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：K244;K247

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1 沈e，

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