本文選題：宋代 + 土貢��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：“土貢”是中國古代地方政府向統(tǒng)治者進貢土產(chǎn)的制度。土貢制度雖然起源得很早,但是嚴格意義上的“土貢”則在漢代初期貢、賦分離之后才出現(xiàn)。從此,“土貢”成為獨立于國家正常賦稅之外的一種皇室收入來源。 宋代的土貢制度系繼承前代的土貢制度而來,在管理、征收、運輸、入庫等方面和唐代都有相似之處。宋代的土貢大致可以分為兩個種類:常貢和雜貢。常貢有一定數(shù)量、種類、時間的規(guī)定,雜貢則是“數(shù)外旁求”之貢,徽宗時期的“六尚局貢”也是雜貢中的一種。土貢一般是由戶部管理的,制定有一定的“格”,以州一級的行政單位來征收。貢物主要來源于官府的收購、官辦手工業(yè)的制造、專門貢戶的生產(chǎn)以及強行役使民眾制造。貢物的運輸主要由發(fā)運使或轉(zhuǎn)運使負責(zé),而對于“口味貢”以及其他對時間要求比較苛刻的貢物則由各州軍直接送往京城。元豐改官制后,貢物由太府寺負責(zé)存入內(nèi)藏庫。貢物的支用主要用于皇室的消費和“天地、宗廟、陵寢薦獻”。 宋代土貢的物品種類豐富,“紡織品”、“藥物”占了很大的比重,所貢物品大多也都是當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀煌廉a(chǎn)或著名手工業(yè)品。各地土貢物品的種類具有較強的穩(wěn)定性,其變化往往和當(dāng)?shù)氐乩怼⒔?jīng)濟環(huán)境的變化有關(guān)。南宋土貢中出現(xiàn)了“藥物”、“日用品”等貢物大規(guī)模削罷和許多地方折銀上貢的情況。宋代土貢表現(xiàn)出來的特點反映了宋代商品經(jīng)濟的繁榮發(fā)展。 宋代土貢的經(jīng)濟意義雖不大,占國家財政收入的比例較小,但是擾民甚深,給人民生活和社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展帶了破壞性的影響。
[Abstract]:"Tugong" is the ancient Chinese local government to pay tribute to the rulers of the system of local products. Although the system of Tugong originated early, it appeared in the early Han Dynasty after the separation of Fu. Since then, Tugong has become a source of royal income independent of the country's normal taxes. The system of Tugong in Song Dynasty was inherited from the system of Tugong in the previous generation. It was similar to the Tang Dynasty in the aspects of management, collection, transportation, storage and so on. The Tugong of Song Dynasty can be roughly divided into two kinds: Changgong and Zagong. Changgong has a certain number, kind and time, and Zagong is one of the tributaries in the period of Huizong. Tugong is generally managed by the Ministry of Housing, formulated with a certain "grid", to state-level administrative units to levy. The tribute mainly comes from the acquisition of the government, the manufacture of official handicraft industry, the production of special tribute households and the forced labor of the people. The transportation of tributes was mainly carried out or transferred to the capital, while the "taste tribute" and other tributes which were more demanding in time were sent directly to the capital by the state army. After Yuan Feng changed the official system, the tribute was deposited in the storehouse by Taifu Temple. Tributes are mainly used for royal consumption and "heaven and earth, temple, mausoleum recommended offering." In Song Dynasty, Tu Gong was rich in kinds of articles. "Textiles" and "drugs" occupied a large proportion, and most of them were local natural products or famous handicraft products. The variety of Tugong articles has strong stability, and its change is often related to the change of local geography and economic environment. "drugs", "daily necessities" and other tributes were cut off in the Southern Song Dynasty. The characteristics of Tu Gong in Song Dynasty reflect the prosperity and development of commodity economy in Song Dynasty. Although the economic significance of Tugong in the Song Dynasty is not significant, it accounts for a small proportion of the national financial revenue, but it deeply disturbs the people, which has a destructive effect on the people's life and the development of social economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：K244

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 尤洪輝;齊田兵;;中國古代土貢制度發(fā)展史初探[J];齊齊哈爾師范高等�？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報;2008年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉冬雪;宋代海外貿(mào)易對中醫(yī)藥發(fā)展的影響[D];上海師范大學(xué);2011年

2 尤洪輝;明代土貢制度探析[D];曲阜師范大學(xué);2008年

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本文編號：1860224