本文選題：美洲糧食作物 + 傳入��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2003年碩士論文

【摘要】： 明清時(shí)期，隨著人口的快速增長(zhǎng)，糧食短缺問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重。在這樣的社會(huì)背景下，美洲高產(chǎn)糧食作物玉米、番薯、馬鈴薯于明中葉陸續(xù)傳入我國(guó)，為我國(guó)糧食問(wèn)題的解決發(fā)揮了重要作用。本文以這三種作物為中心，探討從明中葉至民國(guó)時(shí)期，它們?cè)谖覈?guó)的引入、傳播及利用，并重點(diǎn)研究它們產(chǎn)生的巨大影響。 玉米、番薯、馬鈴薯這三種美洲糧食作物的傳入途徑歷來(lái)眾說(shuō)紛紜，，難以定論。本文以明清時(shí)期地方志資料和農(nóng)史典籍記載為依據(jù)，分析歸納了各條路線(xiàn)的傳入歷程，并分區(qū)域考察了它們?cè)谖覈?guó)的傳播情況，總結(jié)出其傳播分布基本特征。又詳細(xì)介紹了我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民對(duì)這些作物的多種利用方式，揭示了它們對(duì)我國(guó)人民生活和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要性。 這三種作物的傳入和推廣對(duì)我國(guó)的影響是多方面的，一是對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到了一定的促進(jìn)作用，本文從耕地面積擴(kuò)大、糧食畝產(chǎn)量提高和糧食總產(chǎn)量增加三方面考察它們對(duì)我國(guó)糧食生產(chǎn)的影響，及糧食作物結(jié)構(gòu)變動(dòng)情況；又從糧食商品化、山區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)、經(jīng)濟(jì)作物種植及手工業(yè)和商業(yè)的發(fā)展等幾方面考察它們對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響。二是在我國(guó)人民的飲食生活中發(fā)揮了重要作用。三是對(duì)人口增長(zhǎng)的影響，本文從考察清代人口增長(zhǎng)情況出發(fā)，結(jié)合美洲糧食作物的傳播特征分析其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。四是對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響，引用方志中大量資料以說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)由于墾種玉米引起的環(huán)境惡化導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率降低的情況�？傊�，明清時(shí)期美洲糧食作物玉米、番薯、馬鈴薯的傳入、傳播對(duì)我國(guó)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)是從飲食角度考察分析這三種外來(lái)作物產(chǎn)生的影響，在美洲糧食作物廣泛推廣的數(shù)百年間，首先成為山區(qū)人民的主食，也使我國(guó)其他地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)主食結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了改變，玉米和番薯很大程度上代替了多種傳統(tǒng)低產(chǎn)雜糧的種植，在向來(lái)以稻麥?zhǔn)蝠橹饕魑锏膫鹘y(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)成為雜糧的主力軍，為貧苦農(nóng)民的飲食生活提供了更為廉價(jià)的選擇。玉米番薯成為貧民的主糧，反映了農(nóng)業(yè)危機(jī)的加深，也在一定程度上推動(dòng)了商品糧貿(mào)易。通過(guò)分析這一轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程，可以了解由美洲糧食作物帶來(lái)的我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民飲食體系變化，使這些作物進(jìn)一步為當(dāng)今人民生活服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the rapid growth of population, the problem of food shortage became more and more serious. Under such social background, corn, sweet potato and potato Yu Ming, a high-yielding grain crop in America, were introduced into China one after another, which played an important role in solving the food problem in China. In this paper, the introduction, dissemination and utilization of the three crops in China from the middle of Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China are discussed, and the great influence of them is emphatically studied. Corn, sweet potato, potato, these three kinds of American grain crops, the way of introduction has always been controversial, difficult to determine. Based on the local chronicles of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the records of the agricultural history, this paper analyzes and sums up the introduction process of each route, and investigates their spreading situation in China, and summarizes the basic characteristics of their dissemination and distribution. This paper also introduces in detail the ways in which these crops are used by the working people in our country, and reveals their importance to our people's life and agricultural production. The introduction and popularization of these three crops have a variety of effects on our country. First, they have played a certain role in promoting agricultural production and social and economic development. In this paper, the area of cultivated land has been expanded. The effects of increasing grain yield per mu and total grain yield on China's grain production and the changes in grain crop structure are investigated. Again, from the perspective of the commercialization of grain and the development of mountainous areas, The effects of cash crop cultivation, handicraft industry and commercial development on China's social and economic development were investigated. Second, in our people's diet and life has played an important role. The third is the influence on population growth. This paper studies the population growth in Qing Dynasty and analyzes its internal relations with the spreading characteristics of grain crops in America. The fourth is the impact on the ecological environment, quoting a large amount of data from Fang Zhi to illustrate the situation that the environmental deterioration caused by the cultivation of maize at that time led to the decline of agricultural productivity. In a word, the introduction and spread of corn, sweet potato and potato in the Ming and Qing dynasties had a great influence on our country. The innovation of this paper is to investigate and analyze the effects of these three exotic crops from the perspective of diet. In the hundreds of years of extensive popularization of food crops in the Americas, they have first become the staple food for people in mountain areas. It also changed the traditional staple food structure in other areas of our country. Maize and sweet potatoes largely replaced the cultivation of many traditional low-yielding miscellaneous grains, and in the traditional agricultural areas, where rice and wheat millet was the main crop, it became the main force for miscellaneous grain. It provides a cheaper choice for poor farmers to eat and live. Corn sweet potato has become the main grain for the poor, reflecting the deepening of the agricultural crisis and promoting the commodity grain trade to some extent. Through the analysis of the process of this transformation, we can understand the changes in the diet system of the working people brought about by the American grain crops, and make these crops serve the people's lives further.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K248;F329.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

1 楊�，�;;馬鈴薯在山西的本土化[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2007年02期

2 安來(lái)軍;;20世紀(jì)50年代之前甘肅地區(qū)玉米引進(jìn)及其種植研究[J];蘭州工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2013年03期

3 張茜;;甘薯在四川的傳播及對(duì)四川飲食文化的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)考古;2013年03期

4 高曉虹;劉曉海;;漢語(yǔ)描寫(xiě)借詞的地理變異——以“水泥、肥皂、西紅柿、馬鈴薯”等為例[J];世界漢語(yǔ)教學(xué);2008年01期

5 張茜;;馬鈴薯在四川的傳播及對(duì)川菜的影響[J];四川烹飪高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2012年04期

6 鄧楠;;說(shuō)“甘薯”[J];語(yǔ)文學(xué)刊;2009年19期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 宋軍令;明清時(shí)期美洲農(nóng)作物在中國(guó)的傳種及其影響研究[D];河南大學(xué);2007年

2 鄭南;美洲原產(chǎn)作物的傳入及其對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)影響問(wèn)題的研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2010年

3 趙九洲;古代華北燃料問(wèn)題研究[D];南開(kāi)大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 黃福銘;明清時(shí)期番薯引進(jìn)中國(guó)研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2011年

2 孛鵬旭;清代洮河中下游地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)初探[D];西北師范大學(xué);2010年

3 梁姍姍;清代沂沭河流域自然災(zāi)害與社會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)研究[D];西北師范大學(xué);2011年

4 尚陽(yáng);北京政府時(shí)期糧食問(wèn)題研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2012年

5 李凱學(xué);清代河南農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];鄭州大學(xué);2013年

本文編號(hào)：1816195