本文選題：雍正　切入點(diǎn)：用人　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2000年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： “人治”是中國封建社會的主要特征。怎樣得賢，如何用人，是歷代封建政治統(tǒng)治的核心內(nèi)容。一定時(shí)朋，統(tǒng)治者所推行的用人政策，是由當(dāng)時(shí)的客觀政治環(huán)境和統(tǒng)治者的個人因素所決定的。 雍正統(tǒng)治的時(shí)期，正處我國歷史上對近現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展影響比較大的十八世紀(jì)，研究他的治國思想、用人政策，對我們今大的反腐倡廉、政治體制改革，具有重要的借鑒意義。筆者將在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，力圖以辨證唯物主義利歷史唯物主義為指導(dǎo)，從政治史、社會史等多學(xué)科交叉的視角，對雍正的用人政策展開討論，力求系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)雍正人的利弊得失，揭示出封建社會用人的一般規(guī)律，，并嘗試建構(gòu)用人研究理論的新視角和實(shí)用模式。 雍止統(tǒng)治的十三年，雖然時(shí)間不長，但筆者認(rèn)為，這一時(shí)期是中國封建社會顯露出若干生氣的年代�？滴跄┠昀糁螐U弛，皇子爭儲，朋黨干擾朝政，社會面臨嚴(yán)重危機(jī)。雍正力挽狂瀾，振刷頹風(fēng)，有人治吏賦予以新的內(nèi)容，雖然這些政策帶有雍正帝位繼承合法性危機(jī)的存在和個人性格的烙印。雍正反對朋黨、權(quán)臣、外戚干擾朝政，把歷史上宦官、朋黨、權(quán)臣、外戚等的危害，消滅于萌芽。對官場存在的貪污、賄賂現(xiàn)象，雍止從嚴(yán)厲迫繳虧空入手，嚴(yán)猛懲治，在打擊貪官的同時(shí)，善于提拔德才兼?zhèn)涞墓賳T，并在官僚隊(duì)伍中樹立榜樣，讓全國的官員學(xué)習(xí)效法。在封建社會，選官用人講究出身、門第的限制，雍正敢于打破傳統(tǒng)，因才、因時(shí)、因地用人：他強(qiáng)調(diào)官員要敢于任事，無欺無隱，反對做“名實(shí)兼收”的“巧宦”，強(qiáng)調(diào)為政務(wù)實(shí)。 對于雍正用人中的嚴(yán)猛，有人認(rèn)為是嚴(yán)苛、殘忍，是誅殺功臣。本文認(rèn)為這些觀點(diǎn)是值得商榷的。對于康熙后期因?qū)捒v而導(dǎo)致的官場腐敗，雍正針對時(shí)弊，施以猛濟(jì)，是當(dāng)時(shí)的形勢需要，抵毀雍正嚴(yán)猛用人治吏的歷史傳言，是其政敵及守舊官僚對雍正的攻擊。 本文認(rèn)為，制度監(jiān)督是研究用人政策的十分重要的方面。雍正用人正視“治人”，也重視“治法”。他改革臺省制度，著意擴(kuò)大督撫對地方行政用人之權(quán)。為了監(jiān)督撫等地方官員，雍正充分運(yùn)用密折制度的獨(dú)特作用。此外，他還從加強(qiáng)考績制度，建立引見官員、秘密訪察等制度對官員的行政表現(xiàn)實(shí)施監(jiān)督。 關(guān)于雍正用人中的監(jiān)督機(jī)制建設(shè)，本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)該辨證地看待。為了鞏固皇權(quán)，整飭吏治，雍正改革傳統(tǒng)的監(jiān)督機(jī)制，實(shí)行臺省合一，倚重地方督撫對地方官的監(jiān)督，雖然督撫對地方官吏的監(jiān)督有所加強(qiáng)，但同時(shí)又造成了督撫權(quán)力的膨脹。雍正依靠密折這個特殊工具，較為成功地彌補(bǔ)了這個缺失。用人監(jiān)督制度的加強(qiáng)是雍正一朝吏治相對整肅的一個重要原因。由此它昭示我們，監(jiān)督制度的建立在用人中的重要意義。 關(guān)于雍正用人政策的得失及原因，本文從雍正用人政策的實(shí)施、成效，從康、雍、乾三皇帝用人政策對比的視角研究認(rèn)為，雍止采取的嚴(yán)猛用人政策是當(dāng)時(shí)政治形勢的客觀需要，它對于推動當(dāng)時(shí)中國封建社會繼續(xù)向前發(fā)展起了重要作用，是應(yīng)該肯定的。同時(shí)本文還認(rèn)為，雍正用人中，存在“人治”重于“法治”的觀念，選官標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上，存在重才能輕操守的傾向。這些因素一定程度上削弱了政策本身的實(shí)際效果，對后世也產(chǎn)生了某種消極的影響。
[Abstract]:"Rule by man" is the main feature of Chinese feudal society. How to get a good reputation and how to use human beings is the core content of feudal politics in the past dynasties. When a certain time, the policy adopted by the rulers was decided by the objective political environment and personal factors of the rulers at that time.
During the reign of Yong Zheng, is the history of our country development of the modern society relatively large impact on eighteenth Century, his governing thought, with people of this policy, our anti-corruption, reform of the political system, has important significance. The author on the basis of previous studies, trying to dialectical materialism the historical materialism, from the perspective of political history, social history and other disciplines, on Yong Zheng's policy discussion, and strive to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of Yong Zheng, reveals the general law of the feudal society with people, and try to construct the research with a new theoretical viewpoint and practical mode.
Check the thirteen year of the reign of Yong, although the time is not long, but I believe that this period is the China feudal society revealed several times. At the end of the angry Kangxi abandoned, the prince for storage, partisan interference court, society faces a serious crisis. Yong Zheng and bestir rule was given to corrupt officials, the new content, though these policies with Yong Zheng throne inheritance crisis of legitimacy of the existence and the personality of the brand. Yong Zheng opposed the clique, minister, "the history of government interference, the eunuch clique, right, Chen," the harm, nipped in the bud. The existence of official corruption, bribery, Yong stop from severe forced payment of deficit Yan Meng, punish, in the fight against corrupt officials at the same time, good promotion have both ability and political integrity officials, and set a good example in bureaucracy, let the officials imitate. In the feudal society, the official selection for people to pay attention to background, family restrictions, Yong Zheng Dare to break the tradition, because only, because, due to the people: he stressed that officials should have the courage to work, honest, oppose "is and" smart "official", stressed that for the government.
For the people in the Yan Meng Yong Zheng, some people think that is harsh, cruel, is killing the hero. This paper argues that these views are worth discussing. For the late Kangxi due to the aspect of official corruption, Yong Zheng in an economy with fierce, is the need of the situation at that time, ruin Yong Zheng Yan Meng by man officials history is the rumor, opponents of bureaucratic and conservative attacks on Yong Zheng.
This paper argues that the supervision system is studied by using the policy is very important. Yong Zheng used to confront the "governance", "the law". He also attaches great importance to the reform of Taiwan province system, to expand the right to use the governors and local administrative supervision. In order to ask other local officials, Yong Zheng makes full use of the unique role of the secret discount system. In addition, he also from strengthening the performance appraisal system, establish on officials, secret visit system to supervise the implementation of the administrative behavior of the government officials.
On the construction of supervision mechanism in Yong Zheng, we should dialectically. In order to consolidate the imperial power, straighten officialdom, Yong Zheng to reform the traditional supervision mechanism, the implementation of the province, relying on local governors supervision of local officials, although the supervision of local officials of the governors have strengthened, but at the same time resulted in the expansion of power governors Yong Zheng. On close off this special tool, successfully make up for this lack. Strengthen the supervision system is an important reason for Yong Zheng administration. The relative purge once it is clear to us, the supervision system is built in with important people.
The pros and cons and reasons of Yong Zheng's policy, the implementation of the policy, people from the Yong Zheng effect from the Kang, Yong and Qian three emperor of policy comparative perspective that only take Yan Meng Yong with policy is the objective need of the political situation at that time, it was for the promotion of China feudal society continue to move forward the development has played an important role, should be affirmed. At the same time, this paper also argues that Yong Zheng's presence in the "rule of man" to "rule of law" concept, the official selection standard, has the tendency of heavy to light conduct. These factors to some extent weaken the actual effect of the policy itself, also produced some effects negative on the future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2000
【分類號】：K249.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馮嘯天;清代雍正年間名臣田文鏡評議[D];廣西師范大學(xué);2008年

本文編號：1651572