本文選題：清朝　切入點：新疆　出處：《中央民族大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文在占有比較豐富的歷史資料的基礎上,充分借鑒、吸收學術界的相關研究成果,運用跨學科研究法,結合歷史學、經濟學、民族學、政策學、政治學和社會學的理論、方法和成果對清代治理新疆的民族經濟政策進行綜合研究,系統(tǒng)論述了有清一代在不同時期,不同的政治和社會背景下治理新疆所采取的民族經濟政策。在寫作過程中,本文努力做到正反兼顧,努力全面、客觀、準確地把握清代治理新疆民族經濟政策的整體脈絡,真實地反映其發(fā)展演變歷程,概括出其階段性變化特征,并對其作出客觀、公正的評價,進而對當前新疆制定與落實黨和國家民族經濟政策提出合理化建議與適用對策。 本文以時間維度為線索,包括導論共有五部分內容。其中導論部分主要介紹本文的研究目的和意義、相關研究文獻的綜述、相關概念的界定以及研究的主要內容與方法。第一章論述了清朝統(tǒng)一新疆前,在準噶爾蒙古統(tǒng)治下,清朝與新疆的經濟往來和聯(lián)系,主要表現(xiàn)在與回疆的朝貢關系、互市貿易以及在哈密和吐魯番的屯田等方面,中央政府把重點放在天山北路厄魯特蒙古聚居區(qū),所實行的是以懷柔、羈縻為主的民族政策,清廷的這一經營政策為之后收復新疆奠定了堅實的基礎。第二章論述了清朝統(tǒng)一新疆后,在設立軍府制的政治背景下,所實施了一系列以屯田為主的民族經濟政策,包括“農為本務”的重農政策、振興畜牧業(yè)的政策、發(fā)展礦業(yè)政策、鼓勵內地商民前往經商政策、“外藩”民族貿易政策、“支援新疆”的財政政策等,并分析指出這一時期所實行的民族經濟政策主要是為了軍事目的服務的基本特征,對清中期治理新疆的民族經濟政策做了客觀公正的評價。第三章論述了清晚期在左宗棠收復新疆建立行省制的政治背景下,在新疆實施的民族經濟政策,主要包括招民屯墾、移民實邊政策,裁兵分屯、計戶授田政策,倡導興修水利、種桑養(yǎng)蠶政策,變革土地、賦稅制度政策,統(tǒng)一幣制、興辦文教政策,促進手工業(yè)、工礦業(yè)發(fā)展的政策,招集商賈、振興商業(yè)的政策等。分析新疆在比軍府制較為進步的行省制條件下,所實行的民族經濟政策就其進步性而言,可以說適應了當時社會的發(fā)展需要,促進了新疆經濟的發(fā)展。但由于民族經濟政策的不徹底性,不可能達到真正意義上的社會經濟全面改革,所以消極、失敗一面也不容忽視。第四章內容是在對清朝治理新疆民族經濟政策的總結概括基礎上,以史為鑒可以知興替,提出當前制定新疆民族經濟政策的“五大”原則,以及促進新疆民族經濟發(fā)展應著重處理好“四個”關系,進而指出當前制定新疆民族經濟政策應該關注的重點問題,即做好行業(yè)政策、產業(yè)政策與民族政策的銜接；提高當?shù)厣贁?shù)民族企業(yè)在民族經濟建設方面的參與度；培育新疆少數(shù)民族自我發(fā)展的機能；統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:On the basis of possessing abundant historical data, this paper draws on and absorbs the relevant research achievements of academic circles, applies interdisciplinary research methods, and combines the theories of history, economics, ethnology, policy science, political science and sociology. Methods and achievements of the comprehensive study on the national economic policies of the Qing Dynasty governing Xinjiang, and a systematic discussion on the national economic policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty in different periods and different political and social backgrounds. This paper tries hard to take both positive and negative aspects into account, comprehensively, objectively and accurately to grasp the overall context of the economic policies governing Xinjiang ethnic groups in Qing Dynasty, to truly reflect its development and evolution, to generalize the characteristics of its periodic changes, and to make an objective analysis of them. Then the rational suggestions and applicable countermeasures are put forward for the formulation and implementation of the national economic policies of the Party and the state in Xinjiang. This article takes the time dimension as the clue, including the introduction has five parts content, the introduction part mainly introduces the research purpose and the significance of this article, the related research literature summary, The first chapter discusses the economic relations and relations between Qing Dynasty and Xinjiang under the rule of Junggar Mongolia before the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang, which was mainly manifested in the tributary relationship between the Qing Dynasty and Xinjiang. In the areas of exchange trade and the opening up of farmland in Hami and Turpan, the central government has focused on the Erlut Mongolian settlement area on the north side of Tianshan Mountain, and has implemented a national policy of Huairou and Jimi. The management policy of the Qing government laid a solid foundation for the recovery of Xinjiang after the Qing Dynasty. The second chapter discussed that after the Qing Dynasty unified Xinjiang, under the political background of establishing the military government system, it implemented a series of national economic policies, which were mainly to open the fields. Including the "agriculture-oriented" policy of emphasizing agriculture, the policy of revitalizing animal husbandry, the policy of developing mining industry, the policy of encouraging mainland businessmen to go to business, the "foreign vassal" ethnic trade policy, and the fiscal policy of "supporting Xinjiang", and so on. And it is pointed out that the national economic policies implemented during this period are mainly the basic characteristics of serving military purposes. This paper makes an objective and fair evaluation of the national economic policy of governing Xinjiang in the middle period of Qing Dynasty. Chapter three discusses the national economic policies implemented in Xinjiang under the political background of recovering Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang and establishing a provincial system in the late Qing Dynasty, mainly including recruiting the people to open up land for cultivation. The policy of emigration to the real border, the policy of laying off troops and distributing troops, the policy of granting farmland by household, advocating the establishment of water conservancy, the policy of breeding mulberry and silkworm, the policy of reforming the land, the policy of taxation system, the policy of unifying the currency system, the establishment of cultural and educational policies, the policy of promoting the development of handicraft industry and industrial and mining industries, and the policy of attracting merchants, The policy of revitalizing commerce and so on. Under the condition of province system, which is more progressive than the military government system, the national economic policy implemented in Xinjiang, in terms of its progressive nature, can be said to have adapted to the needs of the development of the society at that time. It has promoted the economic development of Xinjiang. However, because the national economic policy is not thorough, it is impossible to achieve a comprehensive social and economic reform in the true sense, so it is negative. The failure side should not be ignored. Chapter 4th, on the basis of summing up the policies of governing the ethnic economy of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty, put forward the "five major" principles for the current formulation of the national economic policies of Xinjiang on the basis of learning from history. And to promote the development of Xinjiang's ethnic economy, we should deal with the "four" relations, and then point out the key issues that should be paid attention to in the current formulation of Xinjiang's national economic policy, that is, to do a good job of industrial policy, industrial policy and ethnic policy convergence; We will increase the participation of local minority enterprises in the economic construction of ethnic groups, foster the function of self-development of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, and coordinate the development of urban and rural areas.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K249;F129

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 賈小蘭;;清朝法制史的學術價值研究[J];法制與社會;2013年23期

2 宮凱;;清朝治理新疆的民族政策分析[J];開封教育學院學報;2014年07期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 陳海龍;清朝—哈薩克汗國貿易研究（1757-1822）[D];陜西師范大學;2014年

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本文編號：1612389