本文選題：秦漢　切入點(diǎn)：鄉(xiāng)里　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 自古國(guó)以民為本,對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里百姓的控制模式及其效果直接影響和決定著國(guó)家的命運(yùn)。不過(guò),基層社會(huì)秩序的構(gòu)造既與國(guó)家的控制理念相關(guān),更受制于一定的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu),并隨著社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化而處于變化之中。秦漢時(shí)期是我國(guó)古代基層社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)塑造以及社會(huì)控制原理形成的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。隨著專制主義統(tǒng)一中央集權(quán)國(guó)家的建立,國(guó)家在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上逐步建立起一套系統(tǒng)的鄉(xiāng)里控制體系,這樣的一套鄉(xiāng)里控制體系在當(dāng)時(shí)一度發(fā)揮了有效的鄉(xiāng)里控制作用。西漢中期以后,隨著儒家道德倫理在鄉(xiāng)里的傳播,從制度設(shè)計(jì)層面看,國(guó)家的控制理念和鄉(xiāng)里控制體系更趨完善。但是,鄉(xiāng)里社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)諸層面的變化卻影響了國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里控制的效果,從而使得國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里的控制表現(xiàn)出日漸弱化的趨勢(shì)。 本文共分六章,選擇不同的視角和層面對(duì)秦漢時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)里控制和秩序構(gòu)造問(wèn)題進(jìn)行靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)的有機(jī)考察。 第一章秦漢鄉(xiāng)里控制體系的構(gòu)建。首先結(jié)合簡(jiǎn)牘資料就學(xué)術(shù)界頗有爭(zhēng)議的秦漢聚落形態(tài)問(wèn)題重新作出分析,闡釋了該時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)里聚落從里、聚合一到里、聚逐漸分離的變化,使得我們對(duì)秦漢時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)里控制和秩序構(gòu)造賴以存在的空間環(huán)境有了宏觀的把握。接下來(lái)對(duì)以鄉(xiāng)官里吏為核心的鄉(xiāng)里權(quán)力中介作了說(shuō)明,因?yàn)檫@是國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里控制的基本依靠力量。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們重點(diǎn)結(jié)合人身、經(jīng)濟(jì)和生產(chǎn)三個(gè)方面考察了當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里的制度性控制機(jī)理。通過(guò)以上的考察,我們可以對(duì)秦漢時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)里控制體系和控制理念形成一個(gè)總體性認(rèn)識(shí)。 第二章秦漢百姓鄰里編伍和等級(jí)支配機(jī)制的變遷。圍繞秦漢時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)里百姓鄰里之間的編伍連坐和國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里等級(jí)支配兩個(gè)問(wèn)題展開。秦和西漢前期國(guó)家以二十等爵為中心確立了王權(quán)支配下的政治性等級(jí)秩序以及鄰里編伍連坐機(jī)制,它們?cè)诋?dāng)時(shí)國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里秩序的塑造中發(fā)揮了重要作用。隨著社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,特別是爵的貶值和以財(cái)富為核心自然性等級(jí)觀念的發(fā)展,政治性“爵”主導(dǎo)下的鄉(xiāng)里等級(jí)支配漸漸失去作用;而爵的日漸輕濫和儒家倫理道德觀念向鄉(xiāng)里的滲透,鄰里間編伍連坐機(jī)制的作用也發(fā)生了變化。從社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)入手對(duì)建立在二十等爵基礎(chǔ)上的鄰里編伍和鄉(xiāng)里等級(jí)支配機(jī)制作動(dòng)態(tài)考察,我們可以從特定視角切入,揭示秦漢時(shí)期國(guó)家鄉(xiāng)里控制理念和制度實(shí)踐效果的結(jié)構(gòu)性演變。 第三章宗族、豪強(qiáng)與秦漢鄉(xiāng)里權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)。著眼于學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于秦漢鄉(xiāng)里控制和秩序構(gòu)造理論的分歧,立足于秦漢四百年間社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,分階段、動(dòng)態(tài)地考察了以鄉(xiāng)官里吏為代表的國(guó)家行政權(quán)力與宗族、豪強(qiáng)為代表的社會(huì)力量在鄉(xiāng)里權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系、地位和變化,通過(guò)對(duì)雙方在秩序塑造中性質(zhì)和作用的定位分析,對(duì)該時(shí)期鄉(xiāng)里秩序構(gòu)造原理作出動(dòng)態(tài)的重新解釋。 第四章從“未有并兼之害”到國(guó)家與豪強(qiáng)圍繞鄉(xiāng)里經(jīng)濟(jì)、人身控制權(quán)的爭(zhēng)奪。立足于社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和鄉(xiāng)里控制的實(shí)踐效果,就秦漢國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里經(jīng)濟(jì)、人身控制問(wèn)題作了動(dòng)態(tài)的考察。秦和西漢初期由于授田制的推行以及國(guó)家對(duì)強(qiáng)宗豪右的相對(duì)有效制約,使得鄉(xiāng)里出現(xiàn)“未有并兼之害”局面,這奠定了國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里經(jīng)濟(jì)、人身諸方面有效控制的基礎(chǔ)。隨著鄉(xiāng)里宗族、豪強(qiáng)力量的成長(zhǎng)及其與王權(quán)內(nèi)在的關(guān)聯(lián)性,鄉(xiāng)里兼并逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)并出現(xiàn)愈演愈烈之勢(shì)。國(guó)家雖然采取種種手段和措施進(jìn)行挽救以穩(wěn)固在鄉(xiāng)里統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ),但由于不能從根本上解決兼并的根源,結(jié)果使得百姓大量破產(chǎn)流亡,成為依附民或淪身為奴婢,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里經(jīng)濟(jì)、人身的控制趨于弱化。 第五章秦漢政權(quán)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里的思想文化控制。主要從思想文化角度闡述了秦漢政權(quán)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里的控制。思想文化控制是當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里控制的一個(gè)重要層面,秦漢政權(quán)以儒家倫理道德為核心逐漸強(qiáng)化了對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里百姓的道德塑造和思想文化控制,使之發(fā)揮了有效的移風(fēng)易俗和輿論導(dǎo)向的“軟控制”功能。與以往側(cè)重于從道德倫理等層面對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)思想文化控制的功能以及途徑的考察不盡相同,該部分我們?cè)谧魅缡强疾斓幕A(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)立足于秦漢社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)及其變化,分析考察了該時(shí)期國(guó)家對(duì)鄉(xiāng)里思想文化塑造和控制的實(shí)踐效果。由之,可以使我們?cè)趶乃枷胛幕瘜用姘盐债?dāng)時(shí)基層統(tǒng)治理念的同時(shí),進(jìn)而從一個(gè)新的視角去管窺秦漢基層社會(huì)秩序的發(fā)展變化。 第六章里、社的合離與秦漢鄉(xiāng)里秩序。著重于考察民間社會(huì)組織與秦漢王權(quán)鄉(xiāng)里支配的關(guān)系及變遷。秦漢時(shí)期,作為先秦村社遺留的“社”的組織活動(dòng)并沒有隨著鄉(xiāng)里行政組織的建立而消失,其活動(dòng)內(nèi)容主要表現(xiàn)為以里為單位的宗教性社祀活動(dòng)。在秦漢一定時(shí)期內(nèi),里、社合一體制成為王權(quán)有效支配基層社會(huì)的杰作,純粹民間私人結(jié)社性組織不具備自由發(fā)展的空間。隨著社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,民間結(jié)社在一定時(shí)期興起和發(fā)展起來(lái),并為王權(quán)所允許和利用,這又從一定層面上揭示了秦漢基層社會(huì)秩序和王權(quán)鄉(xiāng)里支配理念的變化。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, people oriented, control mode and its effect on the people directly affects and decides the fate of the country. However, construction of local social order and control idea of the country, but subject to certain social structure, and in with the change of social structure changes during the Qin and Han Dynasties in ancient China. The basic structure of society and the formation of social shaping control principle is a key period. With the establishment of authoritarian centralized state of the country, based on realistic social structure gradually establish a system of the control system, a set of control system in the village was once played an effective role in controlling the countryside of western Han Dynasty. After the middle, with the Confucian ethics in the village of communication, from the perspective of system design, state control idea and control system more perfect. But the village, the village society The changes in the various levels of the structure have influenced the effect of the country's control over the countryside, thus making the state's control of the countryside increasingly weakening.
This article is divided into six chapters and chooses different perspectives and layers to make a static and dynamic investigation on the problems of local control and order structure in the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Construction of the first chapter of Xiang and Li control system. The first problem of settlement form in Qin and Han Dynasties academic controversial with all these data to make analysis and explanation of the period from the village settlement, a change in the polymerization, poly gradually separated, so that we can have a macro grasp of space environment in control and Xiang Qin and Han Dynasties in order for the next. To construct the rural officials as the core of the village power intermediary explained, because this is the state of the country depends largely on the strength of control. On this basis, we focus on the combination of the three aspects of economic man, and investigates the state of the production system through the above control mechanism. We can study in the Qin and Han Dynasties the system and theory of rural control to form an overall understanding.
The second chapter changes and populace neighbouring community level. Around the dominating mechanism between the Qin and Han Dynasties Village neighborhood people and countries of the Wu Lianzuo class ridden two problems. The state of Qin and the Western Han Dynasty to early twenty rank as the center established a monarchy under the domination of political order and neighborhood coding involve their mechanism. At the time the state of shaping the rural order has played an important role. With the change of social structure, especially the rank of nobility depreciation and wealth for the development of the core of the natural hierarchy, the political "Marquis" under the auspices of the township level control gradually lost; and its undue abuse and Confucian ethics concept the penetration into the countryside, the role of neighborhood coding involve mechanism is changed. From the social structure of the establishment in twenty rank on the basis of the neighborhood and village level control Kivu From a specific perspective, we can reveal the structural evolution of the concept of national rural control and the practice effect of the system in the Qin and Han Dynasties.
The third chapter clan, tyrannical and Han village power structure. Focus on the academic circles about the Qin and Han village order and control theory of the structure of the differences and changes, based on the social structure of the Qin Dynasty four hundred years in stages, the dynamic study of the administrative power and the clan in village officials as representatives of the powerful social forces represented in the village power structure, status and change, by positioning on both sides in order to shape in nature and function analysis, to re explain the dynamics of the period of rural order construction principle.
The fourth chapter from the "no and the harm to the state and the people around the despotic economy, fight for control. Based on the social structure and the control effect of the practice, as countries on the rural economy of Qin and Han Dynasty, who control for dynamic exploration. The Qin Dynasty and the early Western Han Dynasty because of farmland system and the implementation of the state the relative effective restriction on the right of the aristocracy," no harm and the village and country "situation, which laid the foundation of effective control of the economy, people in various aspects. With the village clan, tyrannical power growth and its relevance and kingship inside, the merger developed gradually and the emergence of a growing trend. Although countries adopt various means and measures to save the firm in the village ruling foundation, but because cannot solve the root of mergence fundamentally, which results in a large number of people in exile into bankruptcy, attachment People or become as slaves, which led to the state of the economy, control person tends to weaken.
The fifth chapter of the Qin and Han Dynasties culture control. The main control of the Qin and Han Dynasties was discussed from the angle of ideology and culture. The control culture is an important aspect of the country for the control of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Confucian ethics is the core of the gradual strengthening of the moral building and ideological and cultural control of the people in the township, the it played an effective customs and public opinion of "soft control" function. With the previous focus on the ethical aspects of the thought and culture control function and way is not the same, this part will be the basis of the study, focusing on the social and economic structure and change, analysis the period of thought and culture in the countryside to shape and control effect in practice. By the way, so that we can grasp the basic rule in the philosophy also from the ideological and cultural level, into the And from a new perspective to see the development and changes of the social order in the Qin and Han Dynasties.
In the sixth chapter, the agency from the Qin and Han Dynasty village order. Focuses on the relationship between civil society organizations and village domination and change of kingship in Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, as the pre Qin village left "community" activities did not disappear with the establishment of the administrative organization, its activities mainly manifested in. As a unit of religious sacrifice. In the Qin and Han Dynasties in a certain period of time, in the agency and a system of effective control of grass-roots society became a royal masterpiece, the pure folk personal association does not have a free development space. With the change of social structure, the rise of the folk organizations in a certain period of time and development, and for the kingship allowed and use it to a certain level, reveals the change in Qin and Han Dynasties and the basic social order. The concept of kingship domination Village

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K232

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 黃杰;比較歷史視野下的大國(guó)治理問(wèn)題研究：以耦合治理結(jié)構(gòu)與治理績(jī)效的關(guān)系為線索[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 李斯;漢末三國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)里控制[D];湘潭大學(xué);2009年

2 聶磊;古“南襄隘道”上的行政空間與建筑研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：1585384