本文關鍵詞： 清代 漕運 漕運行程 漕限 江程 土宜　出處：《華中師范大學學報(人文社會科學版)》2013年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：漕運行程是整個漕事活動最重要的組成部分,也是朝廷著力最大、耗時最長、費資最多的環(huán)節(jié),而清代漕運行程中的漕限、水程、土宜諸問題集中地反映清代漕運中的重大問題,即秩序、成本以及漕運與社會的交涉。清廷對于漕運各個環(huán)節(jié)的期限都做了十分具體的規(guī)定,并制定了一系列配套規(guī)制,漕限不僅維持漕船的有序行進與漕糧抵京,更重要的是保證每年周而復始的漕運秩序,秩序之于王朝的意義在漕運事務中體現(xiàn)無遺;清代漕運無論是江程抑或河程,"險隘處所"在在皆有,由此所導致的直接后果是漕運的高成本,集權政治具有強大的資源調(diào)配效能,但是其所造成的社會性消耗也是巨大的;而漕船附載"土宜"意在解決漕運人員的生計問題,但客觀上引發(fā)了漕運人員沿途的商業(yè)貿(mào)易活動,并將漕運活動推入長江中下游尤其是運河一線的商業(yè)鏈條中,成為溝通南北物質交流的重要渠道。在社會變遷中,國家事務必然與社會發(fā)生深度的交涉與互動。
[Abstract]:The Caoyun itinerary is the most important part of the whole Caoshi activity, and it is also the link in which the imperial court has the greatest effort, the longest time consuming, and the most expensive investment. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the Caojin and the waterway in the water transport itinerary were limited. The problems should reflect the major problems in the water transportation in the Qing Dynasty, that is, order, cost, and the negotiations between the water transportation and the society. The Qing government made very specific provisions on the duration of each link of the water transportation, and formulated a series of supporting regulations. Cao-limited not only maintains the orderly progress of the vessel and the grain arriving in Beijing, but also guarantees the order of the canal transportation every year, and the significance of order to the dynasty is reflected in the affairs of water transportation. In the Qing Dynasty, no matter the river or the river, there were "narrow places" in the Qing Dynasty. The direct result was the high cost of the water transportation, and the centralization politics had the powerful efficiency of resource allocation, but the social consumption caused by it was also enormous. The Caotuan with the "Tuyi" meant to solve the livelihood of the canal transport personnel, but objectively triggered the commercial and trade activities along the way of the water transport personnel, and pushed the water transport activities into the commercial chain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the canal line. It has become an important channel of material communication between north and south. In the course of social change, the state affairs must have a deep negotiation and interaction with the society.
【作者單位】： 華中師范大學歷史文化學院;
【基金】：國家社科基金項目“清代漕糧征派與地方社會秩序”(06BZS014) 華中師范大學歷史文化學院與日本早稻田大學合辦“京杭大運河與明清時代的社會經(jīng)濟結構”國際學術研討會
【分類號】：K249;F552.9

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