發(fā)布時間：2018-01-20 03:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 明清 徽州 疾病 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 明清時期,徽州地區(qū)發(fā)生的疾病幾乎覆蓋了包括內(nèi)科、外科、眼科、婦科、兒科與傳染病等在內(nèi)的各類疾病范疇,這說明徽州地區(qū)的自然環(huán)境并沒有其獨特的醫(yī)療環(huán)境特質(zhì)。然而,與毗鄰的江南地區(qū)相較而言,徽州地區(qū)瘟疫的規(guī)模、次數(shù)都要少得多。造成這種狀況的主要原因是徽州社會擁有比較完善的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系。從時間的縱向來看,大致經(jīng)歷了地方政府醫(yī)政、宗族醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系、社會醫(yī)療體系三個階段。 唐宋至明初時期,在中央政府的鼓勵與政策要求的雙重作用下,地方政府積極建立并完善醫(yī)政制度,健全醫(yī)療組織,大力開展醫(yī)療救助與保障活動,成為這一時期徽州醫(yī)療體系中無可替代的核心,發(fā)揮了十分關(guān)鍵的作用。明中葉開始,商業(yè)與宗族社會成為徽州社會的基本要素,表現(xiàn)在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系方面即以“族醫(yī)”體制為核心、以宗族醫(yī)療救助與保障為特色的宗族醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系。這一體系是明清數(shù)百年間徽州地區(qū)最重要也最具特色的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系,既是宗族生命延續(xù)與身體健康的堅強(qiáng)保障,也是徽商輝煌、宗族發(fā)達(dá)與文化昌盛的重要基石。太平天國的戰(zhàn)亂嚴(yán)重破壞了徽州的社會系統(tǒng),商人開始在地方社會發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)性的作用,組建了以新安屯溪公濟(jì)局與徽寧醫(yī)療寄宿所為標(biāo)志的社會醫(yī)療體系。在這兩個組織中,醫(yī)療救助是其主要的職責(zé),從這一點來看,可以將它們看作是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院的雛形。 明清徽州醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系的變遷既是社會結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的必然結(jié)果,也能從某個側(cè)面來反映徽州社會變遷的過程與本質(zhì)。這二者在互動中保證了徽州社會在經(jīng)歷了重大的危機(jī)之后依然能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)整個社會的平穩(wěn)運行。在徽州社會依次起主導(dǎo)作用的組織——地方政府、宗族與商會在其作為社會的主要力量時,都積極主動地建立合理的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系;在它們力量受到削弱后,則通過各種方式促使其他組織發(fā)揮作用來完成這個義務(wù)。正是在社會各階層、各組織的共同努力和重視下,徽州才得以一直有足夠的能力面對疾病這個社會痼疾。而這一點,正是徽州地區(qū)良好醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生環(huán)境形成的根本原因。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, diseases in Huizhou covered almost all kinds of diseases, including internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, gynaecology, paediatrics and infectious diseases. This shows that the natural environment of Huizhou does not have its unique characteristics of medical environment. However, compared with the adjacent south of the Yangtze River, the scale of the epidemic in Huizhou. The main reason for this situation is that Huizhou society has a relatively perfect medical and health system. From the vertical perspective of time, it has roughly experienced the local government medical and health system, clan medical and health care system. There are three stages in the social medical system. From the Tang and Song dynasties to the early Ming Dynasty, under the dual role of encouragement and policy requirements of the central government, local governments actively established and improved the medical administration system, improved medical organizations, and vigorously carried out medical assistance and security activities. Huizhou medical system became the irreplaceable core of this period, played a very important role. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, commerce and clan society became the basic elements of Huizhou society. In the aspect of medical and health system, the system of "ethnic medicine" is the core. This system is the most important and characteristic medical and health system in Huizhou during the hundreds of years of Ming and Qing dynasties. It is not only the strong guarantee of clan life and health, but also the brilliance of Huizhou merchants, the important cornerstone of clan development and cultural prosperity. The war of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom seriously destroyed the social system of Huizhou. Businessmen began to play a leading role in the local society and set up a social medical system marked by Xin'an Tunxi Economic Bureau and Huining Medical boarding House. In these two organizations medical assistance was their main responsibility. From this point of view, they can be regarded as the embryonic form of modern hospitals. The change of medical and health system of Huizhou in Ming and Qing dynasties is the inevitable result of the adjustment of social structure. It can also reflect the process and essence of Huizhou social change from a certain aspect. These two ensure that the Huizhou society can still realize the smooth operation of the whole society after going through a great crisis. The second leading organization, the local government. The clans and chambers of commerce took the initiative to establish a reasonable medical and health system when they were the main force of the society. When their strength has been weakened, the role of other organizations in fulfilling this obligation has been facilitated by various means... it is with the joint efforts and attention of all sectors of society and organizations. Huizhou has been able to cope with the social chronic disease, which is the root cause of the formation of a good medical and health environment in Huizhou.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R-09;K248

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉影;福建：公共衛(wèi)生與麻風(fēng)病防治（1912-2010）[D];福建師范大學(xué);2012年

2 彭浩晟;民國醫(yī)事法與醫(yī)事訴訟研究（1927-1937）[D];西南政法大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1446574