本文關(guān)鍵詞：《明武宗實(shí)錄》所塑王瓊奸佞形象考　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】： 曲筆與誣飾無疑會損害史書的可信度，而這卻在明代歷朝實(shí)錄中都不同程度的存在著�！睹魑渥趯�(shí)錄》亦不例外，其中有關(guān)尚書王瓊的記載就是一個典型的例子。以楊廷和為首的《明武宗實(shí)錄》的修撰者對于王瓊的記載存在著普遍的曲筆與誣飾，從而導(dǎo)致王瓊奸佞形象的形成。本文結(jié)合大量文獻(xiàn)資料對該實(shí)錄中有關(guān)王瓊的史料進(jìn)行甄別、考證，力求還原王瓊的真實(shí)形象。 具體而言，本文主要從以下六個部分進(jìn)行了探討。 在前言部分，筆者首先陳述了本文的寫作緣起和目的�！睹魑渥趯�(shí)錄》中有關(guān)王瓊的史料普遍存在著曲筆與誣飾，從而導(dǎo)致王瓊奸佞形象的形成，但學(xué)界對此尚未給予太大關(guān)注。本文意在還原一個真實(shí)的王瓊形象，此乃本文的寫作緣起。這不僅有助于對王瓊這個歷史人物的研究，從中也可以進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識實(shí)錄的修纂制度及其帶來的后果。 第二部分，對《武宗實(shí)錄》和其他一些明清史籍中的王瓊形象進(jìn)行了對比。在《武宗實(shí)錄》中，王瓊是一個奸佞；在明清其他一些史籍中，王瓊是一個功在社稷的干濟(jì)大臣。顯然，《武宗實(shí)錄》所塑王瓊形象與明清其他一些史籍中的王瓊形象大相徑庭。 在第三部分中，對《明武宗實(shí)錄》所塑王瓊奸佞形象進(jìn)行了考辨。為了將王瓊塑造成一個奸佞，楊廷和主持修撰《武宗實(shí)錄》時(shí)對涉及王瓊的史料采取了四種處理方式，即：記事隱功、隱匿功事、恣意貶損和有意誣陷。一是記事隱功，這種情況在實(shí)錄中主要有主持鹽政和奏請?jiān)趦?nèi)地廢除首功進(jìn)秩兩處；二是隱匿功事，在實(shí)錄中主要有鎮(zhèn)守都城、平定湯麻九叛亂和誅江彬三處；三是恣意貶損，在實(shí)錄中主要有奏請廢除清軍御史、提高武舉考試的級別兩處；四是有意誣陷，在實(shí)錄中主要有交結(jié)近侍、陷害彭澤、交通寧王和馬昊厚結(jié)王瓊四處。通過甄別、考證，筆者認(rèn)為：《明武宗實(shí)錄》所塑王瓊形象確與史實(shí)不符。綜觀王瓊一生，，其是位負(fù)有心計(jì)、極具才干、政績卓著的歷史人物。尤其于正德年間在戶部主持鹽政有功；在兵部奏請廢除首功進(jìn)秩、清軍御史，提高武舉考試級別，鎮(zhèn)守都城，平定湯麻九叛亂，平定寧王叛亂皆功在社稷；歷吏部又誅江彬有功�？傊�，王瓊是在明代中期發(fā)揮過重要作用的治世重臣。 第四部分從楊廷和與王瓊的關(guān)系分析了《明武宗實(shí)錄》所塑王瓊奸佞形象產(chǎn)生之原因。王瓊奸佞形象的形成實(shí)緣于其政敵對他的丑化。造成這種后果的深層原因則是黨爭，而其中的關(guān)鍵又在于內(nèi)閣首輔楊廷和與尚書王瓊的矛盾。 第五部分?jǐn)⑹隽恕睹魑渥趯?shí)錄》塑造王瓊奸佞形象的影響�！段渥趯�(shí)錄》所記載的關(guān)于王瓊的史料和其塑造的王瓊奸佞形象，被其它一些史著所繼承，以訛傳訛。這種曲筆和誣飾不僅掩蔽了歷史上真實(shí)的王瓊，更是對“實(shí)錄”本身價(jià)值的否定。 最后，筆者認(rèn)為王瓊是一個倜儻多大略，居官所至有聲，在明代中期發(fā)揮過重要作用的治世重臣。
[Abstract]:Qupen and falsely will undoubtedly damage the credibility of decoration history in the Ming Dynasty, which is in the record of the existence of Ming Wuzong Shilu. < > is no exception, the book Wang Qiong records is a typical example. Xiuzhuan researchers led by Yang Tinghe "Ming Wuzong Shilu" exists Qupen and general Wang Qiong for decoration and records, which led to the formation of Wang Qiong base image. In this paper a lot of research literature on the screening, Wang Qiong in the historical record, and strive to restore the true image of Wang Qiong.
Specifically, this article is mainly discussed from the following six parts.
In the preface, the author firstly stated the origin of writing about Wang Qiong and the goal of this paper. Ming Wuzong Shilu > historical materials in the widespread Qupen and framed decoration, which led to the formation of Wang Qiong base image, but the academic circles have not paid much attention. This paper is intended to restore a true image of Wang Qiong, this is the writing origin. It is not only helpful to the study of Wang Qiong historical figures, from which we can further understand the record of the compilation system and its consequences.
The second part of < > Wuzong Shilu and some other historical records of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the image of Wang Qiong was compared. In "Wuzong Shilu", Wang Qiong is a crafty; in some other historical records of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wang Qiong is a work on the boat dry economic minister. Obviously, < > Plastic Wuzong Shilu the image of Wang Qiong and some other historical records of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the image of Wang Qiong be quite different.
In the third part, the "Ming Wuzong Shilu > Plastic Wang Qiong base image studies. In order to portray Wang Qiong as a crafty, Yang Tinghe presided over the" Xiuzhuan Wuzong Shilu > of Wang Qiong's historical data relates to take four kinds of treatment methods, namely: Stories of hidden power, hiding power, wanton derogatory and deliberately framed. One is hidden in the chronicle, record mainly has presided over the salt and played in the mainland to abolish the merit in please rank two; two is the latent power, in the record are guarding the capital, put down rebellion and punish nine Ma Tang Jiang Bin three; three is any derogatory, in the record mainly has petitioned the abolition of the Imperial military examination, improve the level of two; four is intentionally framed in memoir mainly with a valet, against Pengze, and Wang Qiong Haohou Ma Ning traffic node around. Through screening, research, the author thinks: "Ming Wuzong Shilu > plastic image of Wang Qiong It is inconsistent with the facts. In Wang Qiong's life, it is a very talented, responsible for calculating the outstanding achievements of historical figures. Especially in the Zhengde years in the Ministry presided over the salt active; in Hyobu petitioned the abolition of first in rank, Qing Shi, improve military examination level, guarding the capital of Ping Ding Tang Ma nine rebellion against the ningwang rebellion is work on the boat; and Zhu Jiang Bin Li Li Department of power. In a word, Wang Qiong is played an important role in the country was in the middle of Ming Dynasty.
The fourth part from the relationship between Yang Tinghe and Wang Qiong's analysis of the causes of "Ming Wuzong Shilu > Plastic Wang Qiong. Wang Qiong base image produces base image to form a real rival for his benefit. Due to the reason of this result is the party struggles, and the key lies in the contradiction between the Prime Minister Yang Tinghe and Minister Wang Qiong.
The fifth part describes the "Ming Wuzong influence record image. Wang Qiong base shape > > Wuzong Shilu written about Wang Qiong and the historical shape of the Wang Qiong base image, some other works are inherited by mistake. This distortion and falsely masking jewelry not only the history of the real Wang Qiong, more is the negation of" the value of the record itself.
At last, the author thinks that Wang Qiong is a suave multi Ontario, residents to sound, played an important role in the country was in the middle of Ming Dynasty.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K248

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1 孫彩霞;《明武宗實(shí)錄》所塑王瓊奸佞形象考[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2007年

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