【摘要】：當(dāng)前的世界正在經(jīng)歷一場典型的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化及一體化的大變革。各國經(jīng)濟(jì)更加開放,相關(guān)合作也越來越多,各種各樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治發(fā)展過程對全球國家?guī)聿煌瑢哟蔚挠绊?中國自1949年建國起便極力增強(qiáng)國家自身的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實力,在近70年后的今天已經(jīng)穩(wěn)坐全球最大經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一。但中國作為全球人口最多的國家,自然資源卻十分有限。相比之下,中亞地區(qū)國家的天然資源則十分豐富。其中,與中國新疆接壤的哈薩克斯坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)開放度相對最高、實力最強(qiáng)、發(fā)展最快,其在“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略中是連接亞歐國家的關(guān)鍵樞紐。哈薩克斯坦與中國建交于1993年,此后兩國經(jīng)貿(mào)合作越發(fā)密切,尤其是中國對哈薩克斯坦的投資力度在顯著增大。哈薩克斯坦尋求與中國的友好經(jīng)貿(mào)合作對推動其國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展也極有益處�？偟膩碚f,哈薩克斯坦與中國建立長期友好的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作對雙方經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展均十分有利。因此,對中哈經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系中的中國對哈薩克斯坦的直接投資問題的研究自然就具有重要意義。基于相關(guān)的理論研究和遵循一定的原則,本文通過文獻(xiàn)研究法和比較研究法首先對中國對哈薩克斯坦直接投現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明:因為目前哈薩克斯坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況不穩(wěn)定,兩國的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀可以闡述為兩國的投資數(shù)量降低。2015年中國對哈薩克斯坦的直接投資為4.427億美元,比2014年減少了76.2%,而比2012年的24.14億美元減少了81.7%。中國尋求與哈薩克斯坦之間的友好合作與共同發(fā)展符合“一帶一路”的方針,具有非凡的意義,對兩國的發(fā)展均有很大的好處。其次,運用案例分析法對存在的問題進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明:在這個投資道路上兩個國家遇到一些問題。由于哈薩克斯坦與其他中亞國家一樣是很多國家的戰(zhàn)略合作對象,比如俄羅斯,荷蘭,土耳其,美國,阿拉伯國家等,因而中國目前對哈的投資總額并不算很高;此外哈薩克斯坦國內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)水平仍相對落后,因此其投資環(huán)境仍不完善;20世紀(jì)90年代進(jìn)口商提供質(zhì)量低劣的產(chǎn)品或者假冒產(chǎn)品,因此對中國的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入有影響;10年前的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)及2年前的堅戈匯率自由浮動使得哈薩克斯坦不得不選擇改革來穩(wěn)定其經(jīng)濟(jì)局勢和其他問題。再次,針對提及的現(xiàn)有問題,重點分析了這些問題發(fā)生的原因,重點研究哈薩克斯坦國內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律不穩(wěn)定導(dǎo)致中國對哈薩克斯坦直接投資存在問題的原因。結(jié)果表明:主要原因包括腐敗,哈薩克斯坦立法體系薄弱,投資分配不均衡等。最后,得出結(jié)論并說明問題,而提出政治,經(jīng)濟(jì)和立法對策和建議。
[Abstract]:The current world is undergoing a typical economic globalization and integration of the major changes. The economies of various countries are more open, and the related cooperation is also increasing. Various economic and political development processes have brought about different levels of influence on global countries. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, China has made great efforts to strengthen the comprehensive economic strength of the country itself. Today, nearly 70 years later, it is one of the world's largest economies. But China, the world's most populous country, has limited natural resources. By contrast, the countries of Central Asia are rich in natural resources. Kazakhstan, which borders China's Xinjiang region, has the highest degree of economic openness, the strongest and fastest growth, and is the key link between Asia and Europe in the "Belt and Road" strategy. Since Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations with China in 1993, economic and trade cooperation between the two countries has become more and more close, especially as China's investment in Kazakhstan has increased significantly. Kazakhstan's pursuit of friendly economic and trade cooperation with China is also beneficial to its domestic economic development. Generally speaking, the establishment of long-term and friendly economic and trade cooperation between Kazakhstan and China is very beneficial to the economic and trade development of both sides. Therefore, it is of great significance to study China's direct investment in Kazakhstan in the economic and trade relations between China and Kazakhstan. Based on the relevant theoretical research and following certain principles, this paper first analyzes the current situation of China's direct investment in Kazakhstan through literature research and comparative research. The results show that because of the current unstable economic situation in Kazakhstan, the current development of the two countries can be described as a decrease in the amount of investment between the two countries. In 2015, China's direct investment in Kazakhstan was $442.7 million. That's 76. 2 percent less than in 2014 and 81. 7 percent less than $2.414 billion in 2012. China's pursuit of friendly cooperation and common development with Kazakhstan conforms to the policy of "Belt and Road" and is of great significance to the development of both countries. Secondly, the paper analyzes the existing problems by case analysis, and the results show that the two countries encounter some problems in this investment path. Since Kazakhstan, like other Central Asian countries, is the target of many countries' strategic cooperation, such as Russia, the Netherlands, Turkey, the United States and Arab countries, the total amount of Chinese investment in Kazakhstan is not very high. In addition, the level of domestic infrastructure construction in Kazakhstan is still relatively backward, so its investment environment is still not perfect. In the 1990s, importers provided inferior quality products or counterfeit products, which had an impact on the entry of Chinese products. The economic crisis of 10 years ago and the free floating of the tenge two years ago forced Kazakhstan to opt for reforms to stabilize its economy and other problems. Thirdly, in view of the existing problems mentioned above, the causes of these problems are analyzed, and the reasons why the domestic political, economic and legal instability of Kazakhstan lead to the problems of China's direct investment in Kazakhstan are studied. The results show that the main causes include corruption, weak legislative system and uneven investment distribution in Kazakhstan. Finally, draw conclusions and explain the problem, and put forward political, economic and legislative countermeasures and suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F125

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