陜西省外商直接投資的環(huán)境效應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-15 13:59
【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放步伐的加快和貿(mào)易格局的優(yōu)化,穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì),豐富的勞動(dòng)力和資本資源以及完善的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和各種政策的支持,都吸引著大量的外商資本進(jìn)入我國(guó)。然而外資的流入,加劇了我國(guó)自然資源的消耗,導(dǎo)致污染排放量加劇,引起空氣質(zhì)量下降,尤其霧霾天氣的加劇,使得環(huán)境壓力加大。陜西省作為古絲綢之路的起點(diǎn),也是新歐亞大陸橋的重要樞紐,也因“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略處于絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶重要節(jié)點(diǎn)的前沿位置,這必將增強(qiáng)陜西省對(duì)外資企業(yè)的吸引能力,而外商直接投資將進(jìn)一步助力陜西省經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。本文將從外商直接投資的環(huán)境效應(yīng)出發(fā),研究分析對(duì)陜西省環(huán)境造成的影響,為今后陜西省在招商引資過(guò)程中更加注重環(huán)境問(wèn)題、真正實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供建議。在總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文分析了外商直接投資影響環(huán)境不同路徑下的作用機(jī)理,影響機(jī)制主要表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面:規(guī)模效應(yīng)、結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)以及技術(shù)效應(yīng)。外資的引入、資本的擴(kuò)大可以使得東道國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模生產(chǎn)擴(kuò)大,促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。然而經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速擴(kuò)張勢(shì)必增加資源的消耗,加劇環(huán)境污染。與此同時(shí),人民生活水平的提高,環(huán)保意識(shí)的增強(qiáng),對(duì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的訴求提高,有利于環(huán)境污染的改善;外商企業(yè)投資在各個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)份額占比不同,具有一定的產(chǎn)業(yè)傾向性,這就影響了東道國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),從而影響了環(huán)境;外資的技術(shù)效應(yīng)能夠帶動(dòng)內(nèi)資企業(yè)甚至整個(gè)行業(yè)的發(fā)展,也有利于內(nèi)企進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)方式和管理的變革創(chuàng)新,升級(jí)降污設(shè)備,改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量。通過(guò)對(duì)陜西省外商直接投資以及環(huán)境污染狀況分析可知,陜西省外商直接投資發(fā)展較快且規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,但與全國(guó)其他省市相比,整體規(guī)模和總量仍然偏小。外資企業(yè)投資第一、第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的比重較小,主要集中在第二產(chǎn)業(yè),外資在進(jìn)行投資選擇時(shí)具有一定的污染行業(yè)傾向性,使得產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重失衡,加劇了污染物的排放。本文運(yùn)用陜西省各地市區(qū)的面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,一方面檢驗(yàn)了陜西省外商直接投資的環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨曲線效應(yīng),另一方面分析了外商直接投資的環(huán)境效應(yīng)。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明,外資的引進(jìn)使得陜西省環(huán)境二次曲線上移,加大了對(duì)環(huán)境的威脅;FDI的增加導(dǎo)致了工業(yè)廢氣和工業(yè)廢水排放量不同程度的增加,加重了陜西省環(huán)境污染�；谏鲜龇治�,本文提出以下政策建議,以期陜西省在引資發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的過(guò)程中,不斷改善環(huán)境問(wèn)題。首先,調(diào)整引資發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,堅(jiān)持可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念,轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展觀念,建立綠色GDP評(píng)價(jià)體系,加大對(duì)環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題的重視;加大引資力度,優(yōu)化外資結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),提升外資在第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的比重。其次,提高外資準(zhǔn)入門(mén)檻,不以犧牲環(huán)境為代價(jià),杜絕高污染行業(yè)進(jìn)入,在擴(kuò)大外資數(shù)量的同時(shí)更注重引資的質(zhì)量。再次,提升地區(qū)吸收消化能力,更好的發(fā)揮外資的技術(shù)溢出效應(yīng),進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮先進(jìn)技術(shù)對(duì)環(huán)境的積極作用。最后,落實(shí)配套的環(huán)境保護(hù)制度,加強(qiáng)環(huán)境監(jiān)管力度,積極發(fā)揮政府、企業(yè)和民間組織的合力作用,增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí),促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境健康和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the pace of opening to the outside world and the optimization of the trade pattern, the steady growth of the economic situation, the abundant labor and capital resources, and the perfect infrastructure construction and the support of various policies, attract a great deal of foreign capital into our country. However, the inflow of foreign capital has increased the consumption of natural resources in our country, resulting in the increase of the pollution discharge, which caused the decrease of air quality, especially the increase of the haze weather, so that the environmental pressure is increased. As the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, Shaanxi Province is also an important hub of the new Eurasia continental bridge, and it is also the leading position of the important node of the economic belt of the Silk Road in the one-way strategy, which will enhance the attraction of Shaanxi to the foreign-capital enterprise. Foreign direct investment will further boost Shaanxi's economic development. Based on the environmental effects of foreign direct investment, this paper studies the influence of the analysis on the environment in Shaanxi Province, and provides some suggestions for the development of the green economy. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign scholars' relevant research, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the influence of foreign direct investment on the different path of the environment, and the influence mechanism mainly shows the following three aspects: scale effect, structure effect and technical effect. The introduction of foreign capital and the expansion of capital can expand the production of the host country and promote the development of the local economy. However, the rapid expansion of economy will increase the consumption of resources and increase the environmental pollution. At the same time, the improvement of the living standard of the people, the enhancement of the environmental awareness, the improvement of the demand for environmental quality and the improvement of the environmental pollution, the investment of foreign enterprises in the various industries is different, and has a certain industrial tendency, which has affected the industrial structure of the host country, so as to influence the environment, and the technical effect of the foreign capital can drive the development of the domestic enterprises and even the whole industry, and also is beneficial to the change of the production mode and the management of the internal enterprises, the upgrading of the pollution-reducing equipment and the improvement of the environmental quality. Through the analysis of the foreign direct investment and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province, the development of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is fast and the scale is expanding, but the overall scale and the total amount are still small compared with the other provinces and cities in the country. The investment of the foreign-capital enterprise is the first, the proportion of the tertiary industry is small, mainly in the second industry, the foreign capital has a certain pollution industry tendency in the investment selection, so that the industrial structure is seriously unbalanced, and the emission of the pollutants is increased. The paper makes an empirical analysis of the panel data in the urban areas of Shaanxi Province. On the one hand, the environmental Kuznets curve effect of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is verified, and the environmental effects of foreign direct investment are also analyzed. The empirical results show that the introduction of foreign capital has caused the environmental secondary curve of Shaanxi to move up, and the threat to the environment is increased; the increase of FDI has led to the increase of the emission of industrial waste gas and industrial waste water, and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province has been aggravated. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations, with a view to improving the environmental problems in the process of the development of economy in Shaanxi Province. First, to adjust the development strategy, to adhere to the concept of sustainable development, to change the concept of economic development, to set up a green GDP evaluation system, to increase the attention to the problem of environmental pollution, to increase the investment, to optimize the structure of foreign investment, to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure and to increase the specific gravity of the foreign capital in the tertiary industry. Second, to raise the threshold of foreign investment, to avoid the cost of the sacrifice of the environment, to put an end to the entry of high-polluting industries, and to pay more attention to the quality of foreign capital while expanding the amount of foreign capital. Thirdly, to improve the absorption and digestion capacity of the region, to give full play to the technology spillover effect of the foreign capital, and to further play an active role in the environment by the advanced technology. Finally, implement the supporting environmental protection system, strengthen the environmental supervision, and actively play the combined effect of the government, the enterprise and the civil society, strengthen the environmental protection consciousness and promote the healthy and harmonious development of the economic environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.6
本文編號(hào)：2380781
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the pace of opening to the outside world and the optimization of the trade pattern, the steady growth of the economic situation, the abundant labor and capital resources, and the perfect infrastructure construction and the support of various policies, attract a great deal of foreign capital into our country. However, the inflow of foreign capital has increased the consumption of natural resources in our country, resulting in the increase of the pollution discharge, which caused the decrease of air quality, especially the increase of the haze weather, so that the environmental pressure is increased. As the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, Shaanxi Province is also an important hub of the new Eurasia continental bridge, and it is also the leading position of the important node of the economic belt of the Silk Road in the one-way strategy, which will enhance the attraction of Shaanxi to the foreign-capital enterprise. Foreign direct investment will further boost Shaanxi's economic development. Based on the environmental effects of foreign direct investment, this paper studies the influence of the analysis on the environment in Shaanxi Province, and provides some suggestions for the development of the green economy. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign scholars' relevant research, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the influence of foreign direct investment on the different path of the environment, and the influence mechanism mainly shows the following three aspects: scale effect, structure effect and technical effect. The introduction of foreign capital and the expansion of capital can expand the production of the host country and promote the development of the local economy. However, the rapid expansion of economy will increase the consumption of resources and increase the environmental pollution. At the same time, the improvement of the living standard of the people, the enhancement of the environmental awareness, the improvement of the demand for environmental quality and the improvement of the environmental pollution, the investment of foreign enterprises in the various industries is different, and has a certain industrial tendency, which has affected the industrial structure of the host country, so as to influence the environment, and the technical effect of the foreign capital can drive the development of the domestic enterprises and even the whole industry, and also is beneficial to the change of the production mode and the management of the internal enterprises, the upgrading of the pollution-reducing equipment and the improvement of the environmental quality. Through the analysis of the foreign direct investment and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province, the development of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is fast and the scale is expanding, but the overall scale and the total amount are still small compared with the other provinces and cities in the country. The investment of the foreign-capital enterprise is the first, the proportion of the tertiary industry is small, mainly in the second industry, the foreign capital has a certain pollution industry tendency in the investment selection, so that the industrial structure is seriously unbalanced, and the emission of the pollutants is increased. The paper makes an empirical analysis of the panel data in the urban areas of Shaanxi Province. On the one hand, the environmental Kuznets curve effect of foreign direct investment in Shaanxi province is verified, and the environmental effects of foreign direct investment are also analyzed. The empirical results show that the introduction of foreign capital has caused the environmental secondary curve of Shaanxi to move up, and the threat to the environment is increased; the increase of FDI has led to the increase of the emission of industrial waste gas and industrial waste water, and the environmental pollution in Shaanxi Province has been aggravated. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations, with a view to improving the environmental problems in the process of the development of economy in Shaanxi Province. First, to adjust the development strategy, to adhere to the concept of sustainable development, to change the concept of economic development, to set up a green GDP evaluation system, to increase the attention to the problem of environmental pollution, to increase the investment, to optimize the structure of foreign investment, to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure and to increase the specific gravity of the foreign capital in the tertiary industry. Second, to raise the threshold of foreign investment, to avoid the cost of the sacrifice of the environment, to put an end to the entry of high-polluting industries, and to pay more attention to the quality of foreign capital while expanding the amount of foreign capital. Thirdly, to improve the absorption and digestion capacity of the region, to give full play to the technology spillover effect of the foreign capital, and to further play an active role in the environment by the advanced technology. Finally, implement the supporting environmental protection system, strengthen the environmental supervision, and actively play the combined effect of the government, the enterprise and the civil society, strengthen the environmental protection consciousness and promote the healthy and harmonious development of the economic environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.6
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，本文編號(hào)：2380781
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