本文選題：教育扶貧 + 人力資本�。� 參考：《對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：貧困問題是全世界共同面對的挑戰(zhàn)。它對人類生活質(zhì)量的提高、個人價值的實現(xiàn)、社會文明的傳承以及經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展進步構(gòu)成威脅。自上世紀70年代開始,我國政府就對扶貧工作給予高度重視,通過不斷加大對貧困地區(qū)、貧困人口的資助力度,改善貧困現(xiàn)狀,使貧困率逐年降低,為世界扶貧事業(yè)作出巨大貢獻。然而后續(xù)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),目前仍有大量貧困人口處在生活資料匱乏、文化素質(zhì)低下、謀生能力欠缺的狀態(tài)下,無法滿足自身生活發(fā)展需要,同時脫貧人口返貧現(xiàn)象亦時有發(fā)生;問題得不到根本解決,長此以往將違背社會主義初衷、激化矛盾,威脅社會和諧穩(wěn)定。同時,面臨中國人口老齡化程度加劇、供給側(cè)改革等挑戰(zhàn),在“一帶一路”政策大背景下,如何加大人力資本培養(yǎng)力度,提升勞動生產(chǎn)率和人口素質(zhì),實現(xiàn)人民安居樂業(yè)、經(jīng)濟持續(xù)增長、社會繁榮穩(wěn)定,是新時期的工作重點。21世紀競爭的核心是科學技術(shù)的競爭,其實質(zhì)是人力資本的競爭。教育作為人力資本提升的重要工具,在扶貧工作中具有決定成效可持續(xù)性的關(guān)鍵作用。本研究從解決人力資本提升問題入手,對國內(nèi)外扶貧,尤其是教育扶貧相關(guān)研究進行發(fā)掘整合,結(jié)合發(fā)展與人力資本理論對貧困進行綜合分析,針對貧困的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、抑制與消除進行論證,結(jié)合我國與世界扶貧工作進展過程中積累的經(jīng)驗與遇到的實際問題,提出在兼顧公平與效率的前提下將教育扶貧收益最大化的設(shè)想。本研究涉及對我國各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展情況、人均GDP水平、人口受教育程度及人力資本的培養(yǎng)途徑進行綜合對比與分析,并通過實證分析得到教育發(fā)展水平與貧困程度的逆相關(guān)性,以及女童教育對一地貧困抑制程度正相關(guān)性的結(jié)論,認為針對特定群體的教育投入可以對扶貧成果產(chǎn)生具有積極意義的重要作用。本研究在對教育扶貧問題進行研究論證基礎(chǔ)上,提出依托新技術(shù)實現(xiàn)跨越式脫貧的設(shè)想,并通過對教育內(nèi)容的選擇與實踐、教育扶貧法律制度的出臺與規(guī)范、貧困人口保障體系的建設(shè)與完善、就業(yè)問題的解決與協(xié)調(diào)、非政府力量的運用與監(jiān)管等幾個方面提出政策建議,提出將全國教育水平統(tǒng)一測試引入教育扶貧系統(tǒng),在扶貧領(lǐng)域引進并規(guī)范私立教育,對現(xiàn)有公立教育進行有力補充;提議監(jiān)管并放開捐贈基金的使用及投資范圍,增加教育的資金來源;通過提升貧困人口素質(zhì)、增強貧困人口能力,改善社會的整體環(huán)境與未來布局。消除貧困與普及教育作為聯(lián)合國8個千年發(fā)展目標排名第一與第二位的目標,已側(cè)面說明二者的潛在聯(lián)系與重要程度。解決貧困與教育所面對的問題,協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展二者之間的關(guān)系,在保障人類福祉、推進社會發(fā)展方面具有重要價值。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a common challenge to the world. It threatens the improvement of the quality of human life, the realization of individual value, the inheritance of social civilization and the development of economy. Since the 1970s, our government has attached great importance to the work of poverty alleviation. By continuously increasing the financial assistance to poor areas and the poor population, we can improve the present situation of poverty and reduce the poverty rate year by year. We will make great contributions to the cause of poverty alleviation in the world. However, the follow-up investigation found that there are still a large number of poor people in the lack of means of livelihood, low cultural quality, lack of livelihood ability, unable to meet their own needs of life development, and the phenomenon of poverty relief population returning to poverty also occurs from time to time. If the problem is not solved, it will violate the original intention of socialism, intensify contradiction and threaten social harmony and stability. At the same time, in the face of the challenges such as the aggravation of the aging population and the supply-side reform in China, under the background of "Belt and Road" policy, how to strengthen the training of human capital, improve the labor productivity and the quality of the population, and realize the people living and working in peace and contentment. Sustained economic growth, social prosperity and stability are the focus of work in the new period. The core of the 21st century competition is the competition of science and technology, and its essence is the competition of human capital. As an important tool of human capital upgrading, education plays a key role in poverty alleviation. This study starts with solving the problem of human capital upgrading, excavates and integrates the research on poverty alleviation at home and abroad, especially the research on poverty alleviation in education, analyzes poverty comprehensively with the theory of development and human capital, and aims at the occurrence and development of poverty. Based on the experience and practical problems accumulated in the progress of poverty alleviation in China and the world, this paper puts forward the assumption of maximizing the benefit of poverty alleviation through education on the premise of taking equity and efficiency into account. This study involves a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the economic development, the per capita GDP level, the education level of the population and the cultivation of human capital in various regions of China, and obtains the inverse correlation between the level of educational development and the degree of poverty through empirical analysis. The conclusion that the education of girls positively correlates with the degree of poverty suppression in one place suggests that the educational input for specific groups can play an important role in helping the poor. On the basis of the research and demonstration of the problem of poverty alleviation in education, this study puts forward the idea of leaping out of poverty by relying on new technology, and through the selection and practice of educational content, the legal system of poverty alleviation through education is introduced and standardized. The construction and improvement of the security system for the poor population, the solution and coordination of the employment problem, the application and supervision of non-governmental forces, and so on, are put forward, and the unified test of the national education level is introduced into the education poverty alleviation system. To introduce and regulate private education in the field of poverty alleviation, to complement existing public education; to propose to regulate and liberalize the use and investment of the Endowment Fund, and to increase the sources of funding for education; and to increase the quality of the poor by improving the quality of the poor. Strengthen the ability of the poor, improve the overall environment and future distribution of society. Poverty eradication and Education for all (EFA), as the first and second Millennium Development goals (MDGs) of the United Nations, have illustrated the potential link and importance of the two goals. To solve the problems faced by poverty and education, and to develop the relationship between them harmoniously, is of great value in ensuring human welfare and promoting social development.
【學位授予單位】：對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G521
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本文編號：1892057