本文選題：生態(tài)承載力　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)足跡　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,特別是直轄以后,重慶市人口數(shù)量急劇上升,工業(yè)化和城市化快速推進(jìn),在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的同時(shí),出現(xiàn)資源過度消耗、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化等環(huán)境問題,使區(qū)域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全受到很大威脅。重慶市位于我國的西南地區(qū),屬于典型的三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境和山地環(huán)境,生態(tài)環(huán)境十分脆弱。中共十八大以來,建設(shè)社會主義生態(tài)文明、建設(shè)“美麗中國”的理念,要求加大對自然生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)力度,保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全。習(xí)近平總書記提出“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想,生態(tài)文明理念是“一帶一路”建設(shè)落實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ),生態(tài)安全是“一帶一路”建設(shè)落實(shí)的根本出發(fā)點(diǎn),生態(tài)承載力是生態(tài)安全的重要方面。研究生態(tài)環(huán)境問題突出的重慶市具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以重慶市為研究對象,以重慶市的生態(tài)承載力問題為主旨,利用改進(jìn)后的“市公頃”生態(tài)足跡模型計(jì)算了符合重慶市實(shí)際的“市公頃”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的均衡因子和產(chǎn)量因子,基于區(qū)縣單元和柵格單元分別計(jì)算重慶市2000-2015年的生態(tài)足跡和生態(tài)承載力,并通過生態(tài)赤字/盈余分析評價(jià)重慶市的生態(tài)承載力狀態(tài)的空間分布和格局演變狀況。得到以下結(jié)論:(1)利用土地利用空間數(shù)據(jù)和NPP數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算所得的2000-2015年間重慶市“市公頃”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的均衡因子和38區(qū)縣各自的產(chǎn)量因子,更加符合重慶市的實(shí)際情況,更有利于重慶市內(nèi)各區(qū)縣生態(tài)足跡、生態(tài)承載力和生態(tài)赤字/盈余的對比。(2)結(jié)合“市公頃”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的均衡因子和產(chǎn)量因子兩個(gè)參數(shù),計(jì)算基于區(qū)縣單元的重慶市2000-2015年的生態(tài)足跡和生態(tài)承載力,通過生態(tài)赤字/盈余評價(jià)重慶市的生態(tài)承載力狀態(tài),并分析不同年份重慶市38個(gè)區(qū)縣的生態(tài)足跡、生態(tài)承載力和生態(tài)赤字/盈余的空間分布及格局演變。結(jié)果表明:重慶市2000-2015年人均生態(tài)足跡處于上升狀態(tài);人均生態(tài)承載力呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢,總體略微下降;生態(tài)承載力狀態(tài)的變化較大,2000年生態(tài)系統(tǒng)處于生態(tài)盈余狀態(tài),2005年以后生態(tài)系統(tǒng)處于生態(tài)赤字狀態(tài)。15年間生態(tài)盈余的區(qū)縣從18個(gè)區(qū)縣減少到9個(gè),而生態(tài)赤字的區(qū)縣從20個(gè)增加到29個(gè),生態(tài)空間格局總體上呈現(xiàn)西部生態(tài)赤字而東部生態(tài)盈余,生態(tài)赤字的區(qū)域向東擴(kuò)大而生態(tài)盈余的區(qū)域向東縮小。(3)基于柵格單元計(jì)算分析重慶市2000-2015年生態(tài)足跡、生態(tài)承載力和生態(tài)赤字/盈余的空間分布狀況及其空間格局演變狀況。結(jié)果表明:重慶市2000-2015年每平方千米的生態(tài)足跡呈現(xiàn)明顯上升趨勢;生態(tài)承載力總體保持較穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),大部分地區(qū)的生態(tài)承載力在80-120hm2,其中長江沿線和主城地區(qū)生態(tài)承載力的數(shù)值比其他地區(qū)小,而山區(qū)比平壩地區(qū)的生態(tài)承載力大,這與不同地區(qū)的土地利用類型有關(guān);生態(tài)赤字/盈余空間差異明顯,總體上呈現(xiàn)西部生態(tài)赤字而東部生態(tài)盈余,而且生態(tài)赤字的范圍不斷向東擴(kuò)大,生態(tài)盈余的范圍不斷向東縮小�；跂鸥竦纳鷳B(tài)承載力和生態(tài)赤字/盈余測算分析結(jié)果能夠更加直觀、詳細(xì)地反映重慶市2000-2015年生態(tài)承載力和生態(tài)赤字/盈余的空間分布狀態(tài)及格局演變。以上兩種方法的研究結(jié)果都表明:重慶市2000-2015年在城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化推動經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的同時(shí),生態(tài)系統(tǒng)壓力不斷增大,重慶市生態(tài)承載力狀態(tài)由生態(tài)盈余轉(zhuǎn)為生態(tài)赤字,生態(tài)承載力水平下降。因此,重慶市今后的發(fā)展要重視生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù),走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, especially after crown, Chongqing city population increased rapidly, the rapid advance of industrialization and city, with the rapid development of the economy at the same time, there is excessive consumption of resources, environmental problems such as the deterioration of the ecological environment, the ecological system of regional security is a big threat. Chongqing city is located in the southwest of China, is a typical the ecological environment in Three Gorges Reservoir area and mountain environment, the ecological environment is very fragile. The Communist Party of China since eighteen, the construction of socialist ecological civilization, the construction of "beautiful China" concept, called for increased efforts to protect the natural ecological environment system, the protection of the ecological security system. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the strategy of "The Belt and Road", the concept of ecological civilization is "the theoretical basis of implementing The Belt and Road" construction, ecological security is the fundamental starting to implement the The Belt and Road "construction, the ecological carrying capacity of ecological safety The important aspect. It has important practical significance to study the problem of ecological environment of Chongqing city. This paper takes Chongqing city as the research object, the problem of the ecological carrying capacity of Chongqing city as the theme, with the improved "city hectare" model of ecological footprint calculation accords with the actual conditions of Chongqing City "city hectare" standard equilibrium factor and yield factor, district unit and grid unit were calculated for 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity based on the status and spatial distribution pattern evolution and ecological deficit / surplus through the analysis and evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of Chongqing city. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the yield factor calculated using the equilibrium factor of land use spatial data and NPP data of 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, "city hectare" standard and 38 counties, more in line with the actual situation of Chongqing City, Chongqing City, more conducive to the County Ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit / surplus contrast. (2) combined with the "city hectare" standard of equivalence factor and yield factor two parameters calculation based on the district unit of 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit / surplus through the evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of Chongqing city the state, the ecological footprint and analysis of 38 counties in different years in Chongqing City, ecological capacity and ecological deficit / surplus pattern of spatial distribution and evolution. The results showed that: 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, the per capita ecological footprint is rising; decreases the per capita ecological carrying capacity, the overall decline slightly; ecological carrying capacity change the large ecosystem in ecological surplus in 2000, after 2005 the ecological system in a state of ecological deficit during.15 ecological surplus counties from 18 counties reduced to 9, and The ecological deficit counties increased from 20 to 29, the overall ecological space pattern presents the western ecological deficit and Eastern ecological surplus, ecological deficit and ecological surplus area enlargement to the East region to the East narrow. (3) analysis of ecological footprint of Chongqing city for 2000-2015 years is calculated based on the grid unit, the spatial distribution of ecological carrying surplus capacity and ecological deficit / pattern and spatial evolution status. The results showed that the ecological footprint of Chongqing city 2000-2015 years per square kilometers has increased significantly; the overall maintained a steady state of ecological carrying capacity, ecological carrying capacity in most parts of the 80-120hm2, the numerical ecological carrying along the Yangtze River and the main city area in which force than in other regions, and mountain than ecological Pingba's bearing capacity, which is related to land use types in different regions; ecological deficit / surplus space is significantly different, showing the overall western The ecological deficit and the eastern ecological surplus, and ecological deficit continues to expand the scope of the East, the ecological surplus continues to shrink. The East grid ecological capacity and ecological deficit / surplus calculation results can be intuitively reflected in detail based on the 2000-2015 years in Chongqing City, ecological capacity and ecological deficit / surplus distribution and the pattern of evolution. Research on the above two methods the results show that: 2000-2015 years of Chongqing city in urbanization and industrialization to promote rapid economic development at the same time, the ecological system pressure is increasing, from ecological surplus to the ecological deficit of Chongqing city ecological carrying capacity, ecological carrying capacity decreased. Therefore, the future development of Chongqing City pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment, take the road of sustainable development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X22

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