本文選題：TPP　切入點(diǎn)：TTIP　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的腳步的加快,特別是進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以后,在各種力量的博弈下,國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)格局正經(jīng)歷著動(dòng)蕩和重組,新的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系正處在蘊(yùn)育和調(diào)整之中。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),WTO一直是全球最主要、最有效的貿(mào)易合作機(jī)制,由于WTO的高速發(fā)展,使得世界各國(guó)都希望能夠借助WTO的平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易自由和取消多邊的貿(mào)易限制,利用分工合作的模式進(jìn)行資源和信息的共享,并最終獲得共贏的目的。然而,隨著世貿(mào)組織在全球貿(mào)易治理中的核心地位持續(xù)萎縮,同時(shí)WTO體制的發(fā)展進(jìn)入瓶頸期,多哈回合談判的停滯,使得部分發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的矛盾變得突出而尖銳。在一些具體問(wèn)題上無(wú)法達(dá)成共識(shí),致使各成員國(guó)參與國(guó)際協(xié)商和談判的熱情不斷退怯,造成更多的貿(mào)易阻礙和協(xié)商的失敗。雖然以WTO為代表的多邊主義是冷戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的基石,但是多邊貿(mào)易危機(jī)的時(shí)代已然開啟,不少國(guó)家都在尋求淡出全球性的協(xié)定,尋找其他的合作途徑。在這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)下,各種雙邊貿(mào)易合作或是區(qū)域性的貿(mào)易合作不斷涌現(xiàn),使得世界貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)新的格局。在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)、歐債危機(jī)等直接因素的推動(dòng)下,美國(guó)政府積極推動(dòng)建設(shè)與亞太地區(qū)的TPP協(xié)定和與歐盟的TTIP協(xié)定。金融危機(jī)和歐債危機(jī)給發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家造成了恐慌,信用受到損害,美歐國(guó)家必然急切尋找出路,通過(guò)雙邊主義、區(qū)域主義建立新的進(jìn)入他國(guó)市場(chǎng)的渠道。特別是美國(guó)為了自身的利益最大化,欲在全世界范圍內(nèi)建立屬于自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)和信用體系,TPP和TTIP就是美國(guó)在亞太地區(qū)和歐洲主導(dǎo)的貿(mào)易體系平臺(tái)。TPP的全稱是“跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)議”,最初是由亞太地區(qū)的新加坡、新西蘭、智利和文萊四個(gè)小國(guó)組成的多邊貿(mào)易合作伙伴協(xié)議,之后演變成由美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和組織的TPP貿(mào)易平臺(tái),實(shí)際是美國(guó)確立在亞太地區(qū)的貿(mào)易主導(dǎo)地位的重要安排,也是美國(guó)“重返亞太”戰(zhàn)略的一部分。TTIP的全稱是“跨大西洋貿(mào)易和投資伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定”,是以美國(guó)和歐盟為主導(dǎo)的貿(mào)易與投資談判協(xié)定,該談判協(xié)定如果成功將成為全球最大的區(qū)域貿(mào)易組織,具有很大的影響力。美國(guó)對(duì)于TPP和TTIP的談判一直都在緊鑼密鼓的進(jìn)行著,為了其在世界的主導(dǎo)地位而孜孜不倦。TPP談判結(jié)束后,美國(guó)政府已將主要精力放在了TTIP的談判中,希望在奧巴馬任期內(nèi)達(dá)成。如果TTIP談判也順利完成,美國(guó)將成為全球最大的貿(mào)易合作關(guān)系的主導(dǎo)者,同時(shí)在整個(gè)全球范圍內(nèi)引領(lǐng)最大范圍的區(qū)域貿(mào)易合作成員,也將是獲得利益最多的成員國(guó)。TPP和TTIP的特點(diǎn)是談判涵蓋范圍廣,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高,規(guī)則嚴(yán),對(duì)內(nèi)開放對(duì)外排斥,代表著目前全球貿(mào)易協(xié)定的最高水平,很可能將成為世界貿(mào)易的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。TPP和TTIP的建立必定會(huì)給以美國(guó)為主的國(guó)家?guī)?lái)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易福利,但對(duì)于中國(guó)等新興國(guó)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)體而言更多的是遏制和制衡。為了避免TPP和TTIP帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效應(yīng),中國(guó)必須結(jié)合自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展需求,推出屬于自己的貿(mào)易合作組織、貿(mào)易規(guī)則和伙伴關(guān)系計(jì)劃,積極推動(dòng)“一帶一路”和亞投行的建設(shè)；特別需要加強(qiáng)與東盟、日韓的交流與合作,大力支持RCEP和中日韓自貿(mào)區(qū)的發(fā)展,維護(hù)東亞一體化進(jìn)程；積極促進(jìn)新型貿(mào)易協(xié)定和合作組織的運(yùn)行,在合作方式和水平上不斷提高。本文根據(jù)作者目前能夠搜集的TPP、TTIP等貿(mào)易組織協(xié)定的資料,全方位的進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。針對(duì)當(dāng)前國(guó)際貿(mào)易局勢(shì)做出具有一定新意的研究,對(duì)于美歐、東亞或是中國(guó)等產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述。有關(guān)TPP和TTIP在談判過(guò)程中遇到的障礙,最終文本的規(guī)則安排、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制度和促進(jìn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的論述,也對(duì)中國(guó)今后改革發(fā)展路徑具有參考和借鑒作用。對(duì)于文章主題的具體闡述,本論文總共分7個(gè)部分。第一部分是論文的緒論部分,主要闡述論文的研究背景、研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法以及創(chuàng)新和不足,為后文的論述提供鋪墊。第二部分是對(duì)TPP的由來(lái)、發(fā)展歷程、阻礙、談判的內(nèi)容及結(jié)果等方面進(jìn)行闡述。第三部分是TTIP的內(nèi)容、起源、分歧和前景估計(jì)。第四部分闡述TPP和TTIP談判啟動(dòng)的主要?jiǎng)右?并對(duì)美國(guó)介入并主導(dǎo)TPP和TTIP談判的背景以及戰(zhàn)略意圖進(jìn)行論述。主要是美國(guó)加入TPP的背景、美國(guó)加入TPP的戰(zhàn)略意圖、美國(guó)推行TPP經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略的主要特點(diǎn)與步驟和美歐積極推動(dòng)TTIP的預(yù)期收益與戰(zhàn)略意圖等。第五部分對(duì)TPP和TTIP進(jìn)行比較研究和影響分析。主要包括TPP和TTIP的內(nèi)容比較,TPP和TTIP對(duì)世界貿(mào)易的影響、對(duì)中國(guó)的影響。第六部分論述中國(guó)應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)TPP和TTIP。第七部分是結(jié)論,對(duì)全文的主旨進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of economic globalization, especially after entering twenty-first Century, the forces of the game, the international political and economic situation is experiencing turmoil and restructuring, new international economic relations are in development and adjustments. For a long time, WTO has been the main global trade cooperation mechanism, the most effective, because of the rapid development WTO, makes all countries hope to use the WTO platform to achieve the free trade and the abolition of multilateral trade restrictions, sharing resources and information utilization division mode, and ultimately win. However, as the core of the WTO in the global trade governance continues to shrink, while the development of WTO system into the bottleneck the Doha round of negotiations, stagnation, the contradiction between some developed countries and developing countries become prominent and sharp. In some specific issues were not reached In general, each member country to participate in international consultations and negotiations of enthusiasm continue to retreat, resulting in more trade barriers and negotiation failure. Although the WTO as the representative of multilateralism is the cornerstone of international economic relations after the cold war, but the multilateral trade crisis era has been opened, many countries are seeking out a global agreement, looking for cooperation other ways. In this trend, a variety of bilateral trade cooperation or regional trade cooperation continue to emerge, the emergence of new pattern of world trade. In the economic crisis, the European debt crisis and other factors to promote directly under the government of the United States in the Asia Pacific region and actively promote the construction of the TPP agreement and the TTIP agreement with the EU. The financial crisis and the European debt crisis caused panic to the developed countries, credit is compromised, the United States and Europe must be eager to find a way through the establishment of new regionalism, bilateralism, enter He's market channels. Especially in the United States in order to maximize their own interests, to establish their own economic and credit system in the world, TPP and TTIP is led by the United States in the Asia Pacific region and Europe trading system platform.TPP is the name of "trans Pacific Partnership Agreement", was originally developed by the Asia Pacific region Singapore, New Zealand, multilateral trade partnership agreement in Chile and Brunei four small components, later evolved into the TPP trade platform of American leadership and organization, is established in the United States in the Asia Pacific region leading to trade arrangements, but also the United States to return to Asia "strategy is a part of the full name of.TTIP is" cross the the Atlantic trade and investment partnership agreement ", is the United States and the European Union as the leading trade negotiations and investment agreements, the agreement negotiations if successful will become the world's largest regional trade easy Organization has great influence. The negotiations for TPP and TTIP have been carried out in order to wildly beating gongs and drums, its leading position in the world and the end of.TPP diligently negotiations, the U.S. government has focused on the TTIP negotiations, in the hope that Obama Ren period reached. If the TTIP negotiations are completed successfully the United States, will become the leading one of the world's largest trade cooperation relations, the largest range of regional trade cooperation members and lead in the whole world, also will be the most characteristic interest members.TPP and TTIP are negotiating covering a wide range of high standards, strict rules, opening up the rejection of, on behalf of the highest level of the current global trade agreement, will likely become the new standard of the establishment of the world trade.TPP and TTIP will bring huge economic benefits to the United States trade oriented country, but for the In China and other emerging countries and economies are more containment and balance. In order to avoid the negative effects of TPP and TTIP, China must be combined with their own development needs of the economy and trade, launched their own trade cooperation organization, trade rules and partnership, and actively promote the construction of "Belt and Road Initiative and investment bank; especially need to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with ASEAN, Japan and South Korea, and vigorously support the development of RCEP and the FTA, maintain the East Asian integration process; actively promote the new trade agreement and cooperation organization operation, constantly improve the cooperation mode and level. The author is currently able to collect the TPP, TTIP and other WTO agreements. Comparison of comprehensive analysis. In view of the current international trade situation made some innovative research for the United States and Europe, East Asia or China produced by the impact Detailed discussion about TPP and TTIP. The obstacles encountered in the process of negotiations, arrange the final text of the rules, standard system and promote Chinese economic reform discussion, also has reference and reference to the reform and development in the future. Chinese path expounds the topic, this thesis is divided into 7 parts. The first part is the introduction this thesis, mainly expounds the research background, research significance, research status, research contents and methods, innovation and deficiencies, to pave the way for the following discussion. The second part is the origin of the TPP development process, obstacles, negotiations and results and other aspects. The third part is the contents of the TTIP origin estimation, differences and prospects. The fourth part describes the main reason of TPP and TTIP to start negotiations, and the intervention of the United States and leading TPP and TTIP negotiation background and strategic intention are discussed. And if the United States Join the TPP background, intention of the United States to join the TPP strategy, the implementation of the United States TPP economic strategy and the main features of the steps and the United States and Europe to actively promote TTIP expected return and strategic intentions. The fifth part is the analysis and comparative study of the effects on TPP and TTIP. Including TPP and TTIP, TPP and TTIP on the impact of world trade the impact on the China. The sixth part discusses the Chinese should be how to deal with TPP and TTIP. the seventh part is the conclusion, summarizes the main points of the article.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F744
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本文編號(hào)：1644183