【摘要】：內(nèi)疚是個體在違背內(nèi)化社會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后所產(chǎn)生的一種負(fù)性自我意識情緒,內(nèi)疚可能導(dǎo)致抑郁等情緒問題,也可能損害個體的社會關(guān)系。采用有效的情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略減弱內(nèi)疚對青少年和成人來說都非常重要。認(rèn)知重評中的距離感策略和重新理解策略是兩種能夠有效減弱負(fù)性情緒的情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略。大多數(shù)研究關(guān)注青少年和成人采用這兩種策略減弱負(fù)性基本情緒的效果與差異。本研究的目的在于考察青少年和成人能否采用這兩種策略減弱內(nèi)疚情緒,同時,比較青少年和成人采用這兩種策略減弱內(nèi)疚的效果。研究一使用自傳體記憶誘發(fā)個體的內(nèi)疚情緒,通過兩個實驗分別比較了 15到16歲的青少年和18到22歲的成人使用距離感策略或重新理解策略對內(nèi)疚的調(diào)節(jié)效果。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年和成人都能夠使用距離感和重新理解減弱內(nèi)疚情緒,青少年采用距離感和重新理解減弱內(nèi)疚的效果比成人差。為了進(jìn)一步比較距離感策略和重新理解策略對內(nèi)疚的調(diào)節(jié)效果,研究二采用混合設(shè)計,將情緒調(diào)節(jié)策略和情緒類型作為被試內(nèi)變量,同時采用情緒反應(yīng)—調(diào)節(jié)范式,用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的情緒故事誘發(fā)內(nèi)疚或難過情緒,排除了實際調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)驗的影響。結(jié)果表明青少年采用距離感策略對內(nèi)疚的調(diào)節(jié)效果比重新理解策略差,距離感策略的調(diào)節(jié)效果比成人差,重新理解策略的調(diào)節(jié)效果與成人沒有差異。研究一和研究二的結(jié)果意味著,青少年到成人階段,距離感策略對內(nèi)疚的調(diào)節(jié)效果有所提升,并不斷接近重新理解策略的調(diào)節(jié)效果。重新理解策略對內(nèi)疚的調(diào)節(jié)效果更容易通過練習(xí)提高。
[Abstract]:The guilt is a negative self-consciousness that the individual produces after the violation of the internalized social standard, and the guilt can lead to the emotional problems such as depression, and may also damage the social relations of the individual. The use of an effective emotional regulation strategy to reduce guilt is very important for adolescents and adults. The distance sense strategy and the re-understanding strategy in the cognitive reassessment are two emotion regulation strategies that can effectively reduce the negative emotion. The majority of the studies focus on the effect and difference of the two strategies used by adolescents and adults to reduce the negative basic mood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of adolescents and adults to reduce guilt by using these two strategies, and to compare the effects of both adolescents and adults with the two strategies to reduce guilt. Using self-transfer memory to induce the individual's guilt, two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of the 15-to-16-year-old and 18 to 22-year-old adults using a distance-sensitive strategy or a reunderstand strategy for guilt. As a result, it was found that both adolescents and adults were able to use a sense of distance and re-understand to reduce guilt, and that the effect of a sense of distance and a reunderstanding of the reduction of guilt was worse than that of the adult. in ord to further compare that adjustment effect of the distance sense strategy and the re-understand strategy to the guilt, Induced guilt or distress with a standardized emotional story, excluding the effect of actual adjustment experience. The results show that the adjustment effect of the distance sense strategy on the guilt is less than that of the adult, and the adjustment effect of the distance sense strategy is less than that of the adult, and the adjustment effect of the reunderstanding strategy is not different from that of the adult. The results of the study 1 and 2 mean that the adolescent-to-adult stage, the sense of distance, has improved the sense of guilt and is approaching the effect of a reunderstanding of the strategy. Reunderstanding the effect of the strategy on guilt is more likely to be improved by practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.6

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