社會階層對秩序需求的影響及其內(nèi)在機制
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-28 18:47
【摘要】：秩序需求作為當前中國最基本的需求,會影響個體生活的方方面面。有研究者指出低社會階層者由于自身的限制,他們更喜歡秩序性、結(jié)構(gòu)性,厭惡不確定的性、不可預測性。但也有研究者提出相反的觀點,認為高社會階層者更多從事系統(tǒng)化的研究,習慣于探尋問題的明確答案,思維方式遵循條理化、規(guī)范化。針對這一研究分歧,本研究圍繞以下幾個方面展開:社會階層對秩序需求的影響,這一影響過程的心理機制,以及是否存在其他變量影響這一過程。研究一運用問卷調(diào)查法,以武漢市內(nèi)五所高校的在校大學生為被試,共回收有效問卷449份。在控制了年齡、性別之后進行分層回歸分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),主觀社會階層能顯著預測個體的秩序需求,進一步的中介效應分析發(fā)現(xiàn)主觀社會階層是通過控制感來影響個體的秩序需求,具體來說,主觀社會階層越低的個體的控制感越低,進而導致較高的秩序需求。為增加研究的外部效度,在研究二中,同樣以問卷法考察社會階層、控制感和秩序需求之間的關系,但以非在校大學生的成人為被試,共回收有效問卷120份。在控制了年齡、性別之后進行分層回歸分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),主觀社會階層對秩序需求有顯著影響,且中介效應分析顯示控制感在主觀社會階層和秩序需求之間起到中介作用,即主觀社會階層越低的個體的控制感越低,其秩序需求越高。在研究三中,引入社會支持這一變量,考察其是否影響研究一和研究二中提出的中介模型。在研究中,我們以114名在校大學生為被試,將他們隨機分為兩組,進行操縱,其中一組被試暫時體驗到較高的社會支持,而另一組被試暫時體驗到較低的社會支持。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),控制感在主觀社會階層影響秩序需求的過程中起到中介作用,且這一中介作用受到了社會支持的調(diào)節(jié),即有調(diào)節(jié)的中介模型成立:在低社會支持條件下,社會階層—控制感—秩序需求這一中介模型成立;而在高社會支持條件下,中介模型不成立。總的來說,研究結(jié)果表明:主觀社會階層對秩序需求有顯著的預測作用,且主觀社會階層是通過影響控制感進而影響秩序需求,最后發(fā)現(xiàn)主觀社會階層-控制感-秩序需求這一中介模型受到社會支持的調(diào)節(jié):在低社會支持條件下,該模型成立,而在高社會支持條件下,模型不成立。
[Abstract]:Order demand, as the most basic demand in China, will affect all aspects of individual life. Some researchers point out that because of their own limitations, low social class people prefer order, structure, disgust of uncertainty, unpredictability. However, some researchers put forward the opposite point of view, that the high social stratum is more engaged in systematic research, is used to seeking clear answers to questions, and follows the way of thinking orderly and standardized. In view of this divergence, this study focuses on the following aspects: the influence of social stratum on order demand, the psychological mechanism of the influence process, and the existence of other variables to influence the process. In the first study, 449 valid questionnaires were collected from five colleges and universities in Wuhan. After controlling for age and sex, stratified regression analysis showed that the subjective social stratum could predict the order demand of the individual significantly. The further analysis of intermediary effect shows that the subjective social stratum influences the individual's order demand through the sense of control. Specifically, the lower the subjective social stratum is, the lower the individual's sense of control is, and the higher the order demand is. In order to increase the external validity of the study, the relationship between social class, sense of control and order needs was also investigated by questionnaire in the second study, but 120 valid questionnaires were collected from adults who were not college students. After controlling for age and sex, stratified regression analysis shows that subjective social stratum has significant influence on order demand, and intermediary effect analysis shows that control sense plays an intermediary role between subjective social stratum and order demand. That is, the lower the subjective social stratum, the lower the sense of control, the higher the demand for order. In the third study, the variable of social support is introduced to investigate whether it affects the intermediary model proposed in the first and second studies. In the study, 114 college students were randomly divided into two groups, one group experienced higher social support temporarily, the other group experienced lower social support temporarily. The study found that the sense of control plays an intermediary role in the process of subjective social stratum influencing the demand of order, and this intermediary function is regulated by social support, that is, the moderated intermediary model is established: under the condition of low social support, The intermediary model of social stratum, sense of control and demand of order is established. However, under the condition of high social support, the intermediary model does not hold. In general, the results show that the subjective social stratum has a significant predictive effect on the order demand, and the subjective social stratum influences the order demand by influencing the sense of control. Finally, it is found that the intermediary model of subjective social stratum, sense of control and order demand is regulated by social support: under the condition of low social support, the model is established, but under the condition of high social support, the model is not.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2
本文編號：2417210
[Abstract]:Order demand, as the most basic demand in China, will affect all aspects of individual life. Some researchers point out that because of their own limitations, low social class people prefer order, structure, disgust of uncertainty, unpredictability. However, some researchers put forward the opposite point of view, that the high social stratum is more engaged in systematic research, is used to seeking clear answers to questions, and follows the way of thinking orderly and standardized. In view of this divergence, this study focuses on the following aspects: the influence of social stratum on order demand, the psychological mechanism of the influence process, and the existence of other variables to influence the process. In the first study, 449 valid questionnaires were collected from five colleges and universities in Wuhan. After controlling for age and sex, stratified regression analysis showed that the subjective social stratum could predict the order demand of the individual significantly. The further analysis of intermediary effect shows that the subjective social stratum influences the individual's order demand through the sense of control. Specifically, the lower the subjective social stratum is, the lower the individual's sense of control is, and the higher the order demand is. In order to increase the external validity of the study, the relationship between social class, sense of control and order needs was also investigated by questionnaire in the second study, but 120 valid questionnaires were collected from adults who were not college students. After controlling for age and sex, stratified regression analysis shows that subjective social stratum has significant influence on order demand, and intermediary effect analysis shows that control sense plays an intermediary role between subjective social stratum and order demand. That is, the lower the subjective social stratum, the lower the sense of control, the higher the demand for order. In the third study, the variable of social support is introduced to investigate whether it affects the intermediary model proposed in the first and second studies. In the study, 114 college students were randomly divided into two groups, one group experienced higher social support temporarily, the other group experienced lower social support temporarily. The study found that the sense of control plays an intermediary role in the process of subjective social stratum influencing the demand of order, and this intermediary function is regulated by social support, that is, the moderated intermediary model is established: under the condition of low social support, The intermediary model of social stratum, sense of control and demand of order is established. However, under the condition of high social support, the intermediary model does not hold. In general, the results show that the subjective social stratum has a significant predictive effect on the order demand, and the subjective social stratum influences the order demand by influencing the sense of control. Finally, it is found that the intermediary model of subjective social stratum, sense of control and order demand is regulated by social support: under the condition of low social support, the model is established, but under the condition of high social support, the model is not.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2
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，本文編號：2417210
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