【摘要】：條件刺激短暫呈現(xiàn)并消失后,獎(jiǎng)賞立即呈現(xiàn),多次匹配后誘導(dǎo)出動(dòng)物對(duì)條件刺激(信號(hào)追蹤)或獎(jiǎng)賞呈現(xiàn)裝置如食盒(目標(biāo)追蹤)的接近。條件刺激與食盒間的距離是影響信號(hào)/目標(biāo)追蹤反應(yīng)和損害聯(lián)結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)的重要變量,成癮藥物能夠增加獎(jiǎng)賞的誘因動(dòng)機(jī),進(jìn)而增加個(gè)體的獎(jiǎng)賞尋求行為。距離能否通過(guò)損害聯(lián)結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)而減弱成癮藥物的動(dòng)機(jī)放大作用尚未見(jiàn)到報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用autoshaping模型,考察8、30和60 cm距離條件下嗎啡處理對(duì)大鼠信號(hào)追蹤和目標(biāo)追蹤的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)信號(hào)追蹤隨距離增加而減少,目標(biāo)追蹤對(duì)距離不敏感。(2)急性嗎啡處理減少8、30和60 cm條件下信號(hào)追蹤而增加8和60 cm條件下目標(biāo)追蹤,慢性嗎啡處理在8和30 cm條件下減少信號(hào)追蹤增加目標(biāo)追蹤;消退檢測(cè)中,嗎啡前暴露減少8和60 cm條件下信號(hào)追蹤而增加60 cm條件下目標(biāo)追蹤。(3)辨別反轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)習(xí)中,嗎啡前暴露使30和60 cm條件下的大鼠偏愛(ài)舊信號(hào)、辨別力受損,減少8、30和60 cm條件下大鼠對(duì)新信號(hào)的接觸。這些結(jié)果提示,距離較少影響嗎啡的信號(hào)追蹤抑制作用和目標(biāo)追蹤增強(qiáng)效應(yīng),而易化嗎啡前暴露對(duì)反轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)習(xí)的損害。說(shuō)明距離是易化成癮藥物對(duì)聯(lián)結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)不利影響而非反轉(zhuǎn)其動(dòng)機(jī)放大作用的重要因素。
[Abstract]:After the conditioned stimulus is briefly presented and disappeared, the reward is presented immediately. After multiple matches, the animal approaches to the conditioned stimulus (signal tracking) or the reward presentation device such as the food box (target tracking). The distance between conditioned stimulus and food box is an important variable that affects signal / target tracking response and impaired association learning. Addictive drugs can increase the incentive motivation of reward and then increase individual reward seeking behavior. Whether distance can attenuate the motivational amplification of addictive drugs through impaired association learning has not been reported. Autoshaping model was used to investigate the effects of morphine treatment on signal tracking and target tracking in rats at 830 and 60 cm distances. The results showed that: (1) signal tracking decreased with the increase of range, and target tracking was insensitive to range. (2) when acute morphine treatment was reduced by 8 ~ 30 and 60 cm, signal tracking was increased by 8 and 60 cm. Chronic morphine treatment reduced signal tracking and increased target tracking at 8 and 30 cm. In the regression test, the signal tracing was decreased by 8 and 60 cm before morphine exposure, but the target tracking was increased at 60 cm. (3) in discriminant reverse learning, the rats exposed to morphine at 30 and 60 cm preexposure preferred the old signals and the discriminant ability was impaired. Reduction of exposure to new signals in rats at 830 and 60 cm. These results suggest that less distance affects the signal tracking inhibition and target tracking enhancement of morphine, while the preexposure to morphine facilitates the damage to reverse learning. Distance is an important factor that facilitates addictive drugs to influence association learning rather than reverse their motivational amplification.
【作者單位】： 首都師范大學(xué)心理學(xué)系;淮陰師范學(xué)院教科院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31470989) 江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金(BK20130415)資助
【分類號(hào)】：B845.4

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