自主欺騙在意圖與反饋加工階段的電生理機(jī)制
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-11 12:18
【摘要】：欺騙是個體有意地通過言語或非言語的行為操縱他人錯誤信念以趨利避害的心理過程。自主欺騙與要求欺騙相對,指的是個體在一定利益的誘發(fā)下主動做出的欺騙行為,大多數(shù)自主欺騙的研究以金錢為誘因。欺騙研究的現(xiàn)狀主要有以下3點(diǎn):第一,當(dāng)前電生理測謊的指標(biāo)主要是欺騙意圖階段的P300,但它有一定的概率將誠實誤判為欺騙(崔茜,張慶林,2013;高軍峰et al.,2014),它的測謊效力受到一些研究者的質(zhì)疑;第二,由于現(xiàn)實情境中的欺騙需要面臨后果,欺騙的反饋階段是欺騙過程的一部分,對反饋信息的結(jié)果評價對交互過程中欺騙策略的調(diào)整有重要影響(Sip et al.,2008),因此近年的研究開始關(guān)注欺騙行為的反饋階段,P300和FRN是反饋階段探討的兩個主要ERP成分;第三,欺騙可能存在練習(xí)效應(yīng),模擬臥底情境的信息隱瞞范式研究發(fā)現(xiàn)要求欺騙是可以練習(xí)的(陳昊,2013),腦成像研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦對自主欺騙的適應(yīng)發(fā)生在杏仁核上(Garrett et al.,2016)。綜上,本研究改進(jìn)研究范式,誘發(fā)自主的欺騙行為,探討欺騙的意圖與反饋階段的電生理機(jī)制。研究使用事件相關(guān)電位(event-related potentials,ERP)技術(shù),通過2個實驗進(jìn)行重復(fù)驗證,實驗1采用金錢獎賞誘發(fā)(31人),實驗2采用時間獎賞誘發(fā)(32人)。實驗任務(wù)結(jié)合了點(diǎn)分布判斷任務(wù)(MazarZhong,2010)和Fang等人(2003)的欺騙及時反饋范式,采用被試內(nèi)設(shè)計,誘發(fā)信息有3種類型(高、低獎賞的“欺騙”誘發(fā)條件,和“誠實”這一無關(guān)的誘發(fā)條件),反饋信息有3種類型(誠實、欺騙成功、欺騙失敗),正式實驗共480個試次。對誘發(fā)信息呈現(xiàn)后(欺騙意圖階段)的P300進(jìn)行2(誘發(fā)條件:低獎賞,高獎賞)×2(反應(yīng):誠實,欺騙)重復(fù)測量方差分析,對反饋階段(反饋信息呈現(xiàn)后)的P300和FRN進(jìn)行2(誘發(fā)條件:低獎賞,高獎賞)×3(反饋:誠實,欺騙成功,欺騙失敗)重復(fù)測量方差分析,結(jié)果表明:(1)實驗1中,對于欺騙意圖階段的P300,反應(yīng)的主效應(yīng)不顯著,誠實和欺騙沒有顯著差異;實驗2中,反應(yīng)的主效應(yīng)顯著;(2)對于欺騙反饋階段的P300,反饋的主效應(yīng)顯著,欺騙失敗反饋的P300波幅最高,誠實反饋的P300最低,兩個實驗的結(jié)果一致;(3)對于反饋階段的FRN平均波幅,反饋的主效應(yīng)顯著,能區(qū)分誠實與欺騙;對于反饋階段的FRN的波峰幅度,誠實和欺騙成功反饋的差異不顯著,誠實和欺騙失敗反饋的差異顯著。研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)欺騙意圖階段的P300不是穩(wěn)定的測謊指標(biāo);(2)欺騙反饋階段的P300是有效的測謊指標(biāo);(3)反饋階段的FRN的平均波幅是有效的測謊指標(biāo);FRN的波峰幅度不能區(qū)分誠實或欺騙。
[Abstract]:Deception is a psychological process in which individuals deliberately manipulate others' false beliefs through verbal or non-verbal actions. In contrast to demand deception, self-deception refers to the active deceptive behavior of individuals induced by certain interests. Most researches on autonomous deception are motivated by money. The present situation of cheating research mainly includes the following three points: first, the current index of electrophysiological lie detection is mainly P300 in the stage of intent of deception, but it has a certain probability that honesty will be misjudged as deception (Cui Xi, Zhang Qinglin, 2013; Gao Junfeng et al.,2014, whose effectiveness in polygraph detection has been questioned by some researchers; Secondly, because the cheating needs to face the consequences in the real situation, the feedback stage of deception is a part of the cheating process, and the evaluation of the result of feedback information has an important impact on the adjustment of deception strategy in the interactive process (Sip et al.,2008). Therefore, recent studies have focused on the feedback stage of cheating behavior. P300 and FRN are the two main components of ERP in the feedback phase. Third, deception may have a practice effect. The information concealment paradigm that simulates the undercover situation has found that deception can be practiced (Chen Hao, 2013). Brain imaging studies have found that the adaptation of the brain to autonomic deception occurs in the amygdala (Garrett et al.,2016). To sum up, this study improves the research paradigm, induces autonomous deception, and probes into the intention of deception and the electrophysiological mechanism in the feedback stage. The study used event-related potential (event-related potentials,ERP) technique to repeat the experiment with two experiments. In experiment 1, money reward was used (31 cases), and time reward was used in experiment 2 (32 cases). The task combined the spoofing feedback paradigm of point distribution judgment task (MazarZhong,2010) and Fang et al. (2003). The results showed that there were three types of induced information (high and low reward). There are three types of feedback information (honesty, deceptive success, cheating failure), and 480 formal experiments are conducted. The P300 after the presentation of induced information (deceptive intention phase) was repeated by 2 (induced conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 2 (response: honesty, deception) repeated measurement of ANOVA, The repeated measurement of variance analysis of P300 and FRN in the feedback stage (after the feedback information is presented) 2 (inductive conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 3 (feedback: honesty, success of deception, failure of deception) was carried out. The results showed that: (1) in experiment 1, For P300 of deceptive intention, the main effect of response was not significant, and there was no significant difference between honesty and deception. In experiment 2, the main effect of response was significant. (2) for the stage of cheating feedback, the main effect of feedback was significant, the amplitude of feedback of cheating failure was the highest, the amplitude of feedback of honest feedback was the lowest, and the results of the two experiments were consistent. (3) for the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage, the main effect of feedback is significant, which can distinguish honesty from deception; For the peak amplitude of FRN in feedback stage, the difference between honest and deceptive success feedback is not significant, but the difference between honest and cheating failure feedback is significant. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the P300 of deception intention stage is not a stable lie detection index; (2) the P300 of cheating feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; (3) the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; FRN's peak amplitude does not distinguish between honesty and deception.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B845
本文編號：2324810
[Abstract]:Deception is a psychological process in which individuals deliberately manipulate others' false beliefs through verbal or non-verbal actions. In contrast to demand deception, self-deception refers to the active deceptive behavior of individuals induced by certain interests. Most researches on autonomous deception are motivated by money. The present situation of cheating research mainly includes the following three points: first, the current index of electrophysiological lie detection is mainly P300 in the stage of intent of deception, but it has a certain probability that honesty will be misjudged as deception (Cui Xi, Zhang Qinglin, 2013; Gao Junfeng et al.,2014, whose effectiveness in polygraph detection has been questioned by some researchers; Secondly, because the cheating needs to face the consequences in the real situation, the feedback stage of deception is a part of the cheating process, and the evaluation of the result of feedback information has an important impact on the adjustment of deception strategy in the interactive process (Sip et al.,2008). Therefore, recent studies have focused on the feedback stage of cheating behavior. P300 and FRN are the two main components of ERP in the feedback phase. Third, deception may have a practice effect. The information concealment paradigm that simulates the undercover situation has found that deception can be practiced (Chen Hao, 2013). Brain imaging studies have found that the adaptation of the brain to autonomic deception occurs in the amygdala (Garrett et al.,2016). To sum up, this study improves the research paradigm, induces autonomous deception, and probes into the intention of deception and the electrophysiological mechanism in the feedback stage. The study used event-related potential (event-related potentials,ERP) technique to repeat the experiment with two experiments. In experiment 1, money reward was used (31 cases), and time reward was used in experiment 2 (32 cases). The task combined the spoofing feedback paradigm of point distribution judgment task (MazarZhong,2010) and Fang et al. (2003). The results showed that there were three types of induced information (high and low reward). There are three types of feedback information (honesty, deceptive success, cheating failure), and 480 formal experiments are conducted. The P300 after the presentation of induced information (deceptive intention phase) was repeated by 2 (induced conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 2 (response: honesty, deception) repeated measurement of ANOVA, The repeated measurement of variance analysis of P300 and FRN in the feedback stage (after the feedback information is presented) 2 (inductive conditions: low reward, high reward) 脳 3 (feedback: honesty, success of deception, failure of deception) was carried out. The results showed that: (1) in experiment 1, For P300 of deceptive intention, the main effect of response was not significant, and there was no significant difference between honesty and deception. In experiment 2, the main effect of response was significant. (2) for the stage of cheating feedback, the main effect of feedback was significant, the amplitude of feedback of cheating failure was the highest, the amplitude of feedback of honest feedback was the lowest, and the results of the two experiments were consistent. (3) for the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage, the main effect of feedback is significant, which can distinguish honesty from deception; For the peak amplitude of FRN in feedback stage, the difference between honest and deceptive success feedback is not significant, but the difference between honest and cheating failure feedback is significant. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the P300 of deception intention stage is not a stable lie detection index; (2) the P300 of cheating feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; (3) the average amplitude of FRN in the feedback stage is an effective lie detection index; FRN's peak amplitude does not distinguish between honesty and deception.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B845
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