【摘要】：人際合作是人與人、群體與群體為達(dá)到共同目的,自覺或不自覺地相互配合的一種互動(dòng)方式,人際沖突則指人與人、群體與群體因?qū)ν荒繕?biāo)的爭(zhēng)奪而展開的互動(dòng)方式。它們是組成人際互動(dòng)的最重要形式,在人類社會(huì)中起著重要作用。在面對(duì)群體內(nèi)成員和群體外成員時(shí),人們對(duì)合作和沖突的選擇存在顯著差異。研究表明個(gè)體更傾向于同群體內(nèi)成員合作,這對(duì)于群體利益最大化有重要作用。但目前尚不清楚與群體內(nèi)外成員進(jìn)行合作與沖突決策時(shí),個(gè)體大腦皮層區(qū)域的激活情況。本研究借助近紅外光學(xué)成像掃描儀(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS),采用了經(jīng)典博弈范式"懦夫博弈"(Chicken Game),對(duì)20名大學(xué)生被試在與群體內(nèi)外成員完成合作和沖突任務(wù)時(shí)的皮層激活區(qū)域進(jìn)行了深入探討。結(jié)果表明:1、個(gè)體對(duì)群體內(nèi)成員的合作率為57%,對(duì)群體外成員的合作率為35.16%。配對(duì)樣本t檢驗(yàn)表明個(gè)體對(duì)群體內(nèi)成員的合作率顯著高于群體外成員的合作率。2、個(gè)體無(wú)論對(duì)群體內(nèi)成員或群體外成員進(jìn)行合作和沖突選擇時(shí)的反應(yīng)時(shí)沒(méi)有顯著差異。3、重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析表明位于通道5的右側(cè)背外側(cè)前額葉皮層在互動(dòng)條件(群體內(nèi)vs群體外)和決策策略(合作vs沖突)存在交互作用。對(duì)決策策略(沖突vs合作)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)沖突決策誘發(fā)的腦區(qū)激活存在顯著的互動(dòng)條件主效應(yīng),表現(xiàn)為群體內(nèi)互動(dòng)條件下沖突選擇誘發(fā)的該區(qū)域激活程度顯著高于群體外互動(dòng)條件下沖突選擇誘發(fā)的腦區(qū)激活程度;對(duì)互動(dòng)條件(群體內(nèi)vs群體外)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單效應(yīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)群體外互動(dòng)時(shí)大腦激活程度存在顯著的決策策略主效應(yīng),表現(xiàn)為與群體外成員互動(dòng)時(shí),個(gè)體合作選擇比沖突選擇誘發(fā)更強(qiáng)的大腦激活。4、位于右側(cè)額極的通道11決策策略(合作vs沖突)主效應(yīng)顯著,表現(xiàn)為個(gè)體選擇合作比選擇沖突誘發(fā)更強(qiáng)的大腦激活。5、位于右側(cè)眶額葉皮層的通道43互動(dòng)條件(群體內(nèi)vs群體外)主效應(yīng)顯著,表現(xiàn)為個(gè)體同群體內(nèi)成員博弈比對(duì)群體外成員博弈誘發(fā)更強(qiáng)的大腦激活。
[Abstract]:Interpersonal cooperation is an interactive way in which people, groups and groups cooperate with each other consciously or unconsciously in order to achieve the common purpose. Interpersonal conflict refers to the interaction between people, groups and groups because of the competition for the same goal. They are the most important form of interpersonal interaction and play an important role in human society. There are significant differences in the choice of cooperation and conflict in the face of intra-group and out-of-group members. The results show that individuals tend to cooperate with the members of the group, which plays an important role in maximizing the interests of the group. However, it is not clear that the activation of the individual cerebral cortex region in the process of cooperation and conflict decision with the members inside and outside the group. In this study, with the help of near infrared optical imaging scanner (functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS), the classical game paradigm "cowardly game" (Chicken Game), is adopted. In this paper, the cortical activation regions of 20 college students in cooperation and conflict with the members of the group and beyond were studied. The results show that: 1, the cooperation rate of individuals to the members within the group is 57 and to the members outside the group is 35.16. T test of paired samples showed that the cooperation rate of individuals to members within groups was significantly higher than that of members outside groups. 2. There was no significant difference in the response of individuals to members within or outside the group when cooperating or opting for conflict. 3. Repeated measurement variance analysis showed that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex located in channel 5 interacted with the interaction condition (outside the vs population within the population) and the decision-making strategy (cooperative vs conflict). The simple effect analysis of decision strategy (conflict vs cooperation) showed that there were significant interaction conditional main effects in brain activation induced by conflict decision. The activation degree of the region induced by conflict selection under intra-group interaction was significantly higher than that induced by conflict selection under out-of-group interaction. The simple effect analysis of the interaction condition (outside of the group vs) found that there was significant effect of the brain activation in the interaction between the outside group and the outside group, which was the main effect of decision-making strategy, which was the main effect when interacting with the outside group members. The main effects of channel 11 decision strategy (cooperative vs conflict) located at the right frontal pole were significant, which showed that individual selection and cooperation induced more brain activation than choice conflict. The main effect of the locus 43 interaction condition (outside the vs population) in the right orbital frontal cortex was significant, which showed that the individual had stronger brain activation than the out-of-group member game with the intra-group member game.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B845

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