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群體內(nèi)群體外人際合作與沖突的近紅外光學成像研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-11-03 21:25
【摘要】:人際合作是人與人、群體與群體為達到共同目的,自覺或不自覺地相互配合的一種互動方式,人際沖突則指人與人、群體與群體因?qū)ν荒繕说臓帄Z而展開的互動方式。它們是組成人際互動的最重要形式,在人類社會中起著重要作用。在面對群體內(nèi)成員和群體外成員時,人們對合作和沖突的選擇存在顯著差異。研究表明個體更傾向于同群體內(nèi)成員合作,這對于群體利益最大化有重要作用。但目前尚不清楚與群體內(nèi)外成員進行合作與沖突決策時,個體大腦皮層區(qū)域的激活情況。本研究借助近紅外光學成像掃描儀(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS),采用了經(jīng)典博弈范式"懦夫博弈"(Chicken Game),對20名大學生被試在與群體內(nèi)外成員完成合作和沖突任務時的皮層激活區(qū)域進行了深入探討。結(jié)果表明:1、個體對群體內(nèi)成員的合作率為57%,對群體外成員的合作率為35.16%。配對樣本t檢驗表明個體對群體內(nèi)成員的合作率顯著高于群體外成員的合作率。2、個體無論對群體內(nèi)成員或群體外成員進行合作和沖突選擇時的反應時沒有顯著差異。3、重復測量方差分析表明位于通道5的右側(cè)背外側(cè)前額葉皮層在互動條件(群體內(nèi)vs群體外)和決策策略(合作vs沖突)存在交互作用。對決策策略(沖突vs合作)進行簡單效應分析發(fā)現(xiàn)沖突決策誘發(fā)的腦區(qū)激活存在顯著的互動條件主效應,表現(xiàn)為群體內(nèi)互動條件下沖突選擇誘發(fā)的該區(qū)域激活程度顯著高于群體外互動條件下沖突選擇誘發(fā)的腦區(qū)激活程度;對互動條件(群體內(nèi)vs群體外)進行簡單效應分析發(fā)現(xiàn)群體外互動時大腦激活程度存在顯著的決策策略主效應,表現(xiàn)為與群體外成員互動時,個體合作選擇比沖突選擇誘發(fā)更強的大腦激活。4、位于右側(cè)額極的通道11決策策略(合作vs沖突)主效應顯著,表現(xiàn)為個體選擇合作比選擇沖突誘發(fā)更強的大腦激活。5、位于右側(cè)眶額葉皮層的通道43互動條件(群體內(nèi)vs群體外)主效應顯著,表現(xiàn)為個體同群體內(nèi)成員博弈比對群體外成員博弈誘發(fā)更強的大腦激活。
[Abstract]:Interpersonal cooperation is an interactive way in which people, groups and groups cooperate with each other consciously or unconsciously in order to achieve the common purpose. Interpersonal conflict refers to the interaction between people, groups and groups because of the competition for the same goal. They are the most important form of interpersonal interaction and play an important role in human society. There are significant differences in the choice of cooperation and conflict in the face of intra-group and out-of-group members. The results show that individuals tend to cooperate with the members of the group, which plays an important role in maximizing the interests of the group. However, it is not clear that the activation of the individual cerebral cortex region in the process of cooperation and conflict decision with the members inside and outside the group. In this study, with the help of near infrared optical imaging scanner (functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS), the classical game paradigm "cowardly game" (Chicken Game), is adopted. In this paper, the cortical activation regions of 20 college students in cooperation and conflict with the members of the group and beyond were studied. The results show that: 1, the cooperation rate of individuals to the members within the group is 57 and to the members outside the group is 35.16. T test of paired samples showed that the cooperation rate of individuals to members within groups was significantly higher than that of members outside groups. 2. There was no significant difference in the response of individuals to members within or outside the group when cooperating or opting for conflict. 3. Repeated measurement variance analysis showed that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex located in channel 5 interacted with the interaction condition (outside the vs population within the population) and the decision-making strategy (cooperative vs conflict). The simple effect analysis of decision strategy (conflict vs cooperation) showed that there were significant interaction conditional main effects in brain activation induced by conflict decision. The activation degree of the region induced by conflict selection under intra-group interaction was significantly higher than that induced by conflict selection under out-of-group interaction. The simple effect analysis of the interaction condition (outside of the group vs) found that there was significant effect of the brain activation in the interaction between the outside group and the outside group, which was the main effect of decision-making strategy, which was the main effect when interacting with the outside group members. The main effects of channel 11 decision strategy (cooperative vs conflict) located at the right frontal pole were significant, which showed that individual selection and cooperation induced more brain activation than choice conflict. The main effect of the locus 43 interaction condition (outside the vs population) in the right orbital frontal cortex was significant, which showed that the individual had stronger brain activation than the out-of-group member game with the intra-group member game.
【學位授予單位】:天津師范大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:B845

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